Sleeping sickness, also known as human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), is one of the most Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) that has plagued human health in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition to HAT, wasting diseases in animals (known as animal African trypanosomiasis, AAT) are the primary reason for lack of agricultural development, adequate nutrition and economic prosperity in tsetse-infested areas. There are no vaccines and efficacious drugs for parasite control in the mammalian host. In contrast, control of the tsetse fly populations can break the disease cycle. In this renewal application Yale University scientists will continue to work with the Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Center (TRC), World Health Organization designated Center of Excellence, to coordinate the capacity strengthening activities for HAT. TRC and Yale developed a strong program in Kenya and Uganda, which collaborates with Eastern Africa Network for Trypanosomes (EANETT), a consortium of the lead research institutions from Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Sudan and the recently co-opted institutions from Malawi, Angola and Congo where disease still prevails. The overall goal of this program is to strengthen the biomedical capacity in tsetse biology, and to acquire and implement the recent advances in applied vector genomics, genetics, bioinformatics and epidemiology in DEC research activities to enable and enhance the control/management tools and methods for HAT. It is now essential to continue the training activities that were initiated to ensure that the successes gained to date can be reinforced to achieve long-term sustainability of research programs working on tsetse biology and vector control in Africa. In this renewal application, we will continue to work to: 1) Develop biomedical expertise at TRC and their associates to address mechanisms of parasite transmission biology, genetics of vector competence, population biology and bioinformatics related to tsetse vectors and trypanosome parasites, as well as environmental and spatial analyses 2) Strengthen our collaborations with the laboratories in DECs affected by HAT and AAT to enable transfer of new technologies and tools relevant for control and to promote their integration into the on- going disease control programs to achieve sustainable control of HAT in the foreseeable future 3) Train a cadre of research experts/leaders who can address HAT epidemiology and vector control, and who will promote scientific evidence driven public health policy decisions in their country 4) Develop a community of researchers/mentors in DECs with strong knowledge in bioethics, good clinical and laboratory practice, biosafety, data management and research administration as well as strong publication skills and ethics

Public Health Relevance

Research is needed to develop effective responses to Sleeping Sickness in sub- Saharan Africa. This grant will allow US scientists to build partnerships with their counterparts in Kenya to train young and emerging scientists to conduct meaningful research in Human and animal African trypanosomiasis related to tsetse fly biology. The program described in this application contains a mix of long-, medium-, and short- term training that will enhance research capacity and promote translational activities to increase the public health impact of the research.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Fogarty International Center (FIC)
Type
International Research Training Grants (D43)
Project #
5D43TW007391-07
Application #
8698213
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-IDM-U (56))
Program Officer
Sina, Barbara J
Project Start
2005-09-01
Project End
2018-01-31
Budget Start
2014-02-01
Budget End
2015-01-31
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$260,241
Indirect Cost
$9,723
Name
Yale University
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
043207562
City
New Haven
State
CT
Country
United States
Zip Code
06520
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Kamidi, Christine M; Auma, Joanna; Mireji, Paul O et al. (2018) Differential virulence of camel Trypanosoma evansi isolates in mice. Parasitology 145:1235-1242
Okeyo, Winnie A; Saarman, Norah P; Bateta, Rosemary et al. (2018) Genetic Differentiation of Glossina pallidipes Tsetse Flies in Southern Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 99:945-953
Awuoche, Erick O; Weiss, Brian L; Mireji, Paul O et al. (2018) Expression profiling of Trypanosoma congolense genes during development in the tsetse fly vector Glossina morsitans morsitans. Parasit Vectors 11:380
Saarman, Norah; Burak, Mary; Opiro, Robert et al. (2018) A spatial genetics approach to inform vector control of tsetse flies (Glossina fuscipes fuscipes) in Northern Uganda. Ecol Evol 8:5336-5354
Gloria-Soria, Andrea; Dunn, W Augustine; Yu, Xiaoqing et al. (2018) Uncovering Genomic Regions Associated with Trypanosoma Infections in Wild Populations of the Tsetse Fly Glossina fuscipes. G3 (Bethesda) 8:887-897
Griffith, Bridget C; Weiss, Brian L; Aksoy, Emre et al. (2018) Analysis of the gut-specific microbiome from field-captured tsetse flies, and its potential relevance to host trypanosome vector competence. BMC Microbiol 18:146
Kamidi, Christine M; Saarman, Norah P; Dion, Kirstin et al. (2017) Multiple evolutionary origins of Trypanosoma evansi in Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11:e0005895
Manangwa, Oliver; Nkwengulila, Gamba; Ouma, Johnson O et al. (2017) Genetic diversity of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes along the shores of Lake Victoria in Tanzania and Kenya: implications for management. Parasit Vectors 10:268
Richardson, Joshua Brian; Lee, Kuang-Yao; Mireji, Paul et al. (2017) Genomic analyses of African Trypanozoon strains to assess evolutionary relationships and identify markers for strain identification. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11:e0005949

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