I have trained as an electrical engineer and as a systems neurobiologist. Over the past ten years I have investigated how motor cortices guide arm movements and how this neural activity can be used to control prosthetic arms and computer cursors. I now recognize that a major new research direction is imperative if we are to truly understand the neural control of movement in the ?real-world? and design neural prostheses for large numbers of people. The fundamental assumption which I call into question, and aim to address, is that cortical-motor activity is the same across behavioral contexts, contexts as different as sitting quietly in a dark room without moving ones eyes or head (conventional experimental setting) and actively moving around in a large space with lights, sounds and body posture constantly varying (the proposed ?real world? setting). We must begin conducting electrophysiological experiments in monkeys able to freely move around in large spaces, which will serve as an animal model for freely moving humans. This is a dramatically new and different direction, which is only now plausible due to tremendous advances in microelectronics technology and the major new technological and experimental paradigms proposed here. I proposed to build a new suite of recording, wireless telemetery and behavioral monitoring technology to enable this new brand of basic and applied neuroscience investigation. We will also conduct a definitive set of neurophysiological and neural prosthetic experiments, to highlight the power and broad applicability of this new paradigm in addition to documenting initial, and likely highly surprising, discoveries. If successful, I anticipate this new experimental paradigm and results to greatly change basic neuroscience investigations of motor control, applied neuroscience/neuroengineering aimed at designing robust and high-performance neural prostheses, and large patient populations whose quality of life will be dramatically improved by restoring lost motor function.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
NIH Director’s Pioneer Award (NDPA) (DP1)
Project #
8DP1HD075623-04
Application #
8307815
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZGM1-NDPA-B (02))
Program Officer
Quatrano, Louis A
Project Start
2009-09-30
Project End
2014-07-31
Budget Start
2012-08-01
Budget End
2013-07-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$823,185
Indirect Cost
$328,185
Name
Stanford University
Department
Engineering (All Types)
Type
Schools of Engineering
DUNS #
009214214
City
Stanford
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94305
Vyas, Saurabh; Even-Chen, Nir; Stavisky, Sergey D et al. (2018) Neural Population Dynamics Underlying Motor Learning Transfer. Neuron 97:1177-1186.e3
O'Shea, Daniel J; Shenoy, Krishna V (2018) ERAASR: an algorithm for removing electrical stimulation artifacts from multielectrode array recordings. J Neural Eng 15:026020
Pandarinath, Chethan; O'Shea, Daniel J; Collins, Jasmine et al. (2018) Inferring single-trial neural population dynamics using sequential auto-encoders. Nat Methods 15:805-815
Stavisky, Sergey D; Kao, Jonathan C; Nuyujukian, Paul et al. (2018) Brain-machine interface cursor position only weakly affects monkey and human motor cortical activity in the absence of arm movements. Sci Rep 8:16357
Chandrasekaran, Chandramouli; Peixoto, Diogo; Newsome, William T et al. (2017) Laminar differences in decision-related neural activity in dorsal premotor cortex. Nat Commun 8:614
Kao, Jonathan C; Ryu, Stephen I; Shenoy, Krishna V (2017) Leveraging neural dynamics to extend functional lifetime of brain-machine interfaces. Sci Rep 7:7395
Even-Chen, Nir; Stavisky, Sergey D; Kao, Jonathan C et al. (2017) Augmenting intracortical brain-machine interface with neurally driven error detectors. J Neural Eng 14:066007
Stavisky, Sergey D; Kao, Jonathan C; Ryu, Stephen I et al. (2017) Trial-by-Trial Motor Cortical Correlates of a Rapidly Adapting Visuomotor Internal Model. J Neurosci 37:1721-1732
O'Shea, Daniel J; Trautmann, Eric; Chandrasekaran, Chandramouli et al. (2017) The need for calcium imaging in nonhuman primates: New motor neuroscience and brain-machine interfaces. Exp Neurol 287:437-451
Stavisky, Sergey D; Kao, Jonathan C; Ryu, Stephen I et al. (2017) Motor Cortical Visuomotor Feedback Activity Is Initially Isolated from Downstream Targets in Output-Null Neural State Space Dimensions. Neuron 95:195-208.e9

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