Cisplatin has been successfully used to treat of a variety of cancers since the 1970s. However, patients who receive cisplatin can suffer from dose-limiting side-effects which include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. The ototoxic effects of cisplatin involve in part the death of sensory hair cells of the inner ear. Cisplatin causes cell death by forming DNA adducts and increasing the pool of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. Two pro-apoptotic proteins known to play roles in cisplatin-induced cell death are p53 and the signal transducer and activator of transcription protein-1 (STAT-1). p53 is a major mediator of cisplatin-induced death of cancer cells (reviewed by Siddik 2003). However, recent evidence indicates that p53 is not required for cisplatin-induced death of renal proximal tubule cells in the kidney (Jiang et al. 2009). The role of p53 in cisplatin-induced death of hair cells has not been determined. Cisplatin-induced hair cell death is dependent on STAT-1 activation (Schmitt et al. 2009). Heat shock preconditioning, which results in upregulation of heat shock proteins (Hsps), inhibits cisplatin-induced hair cell death (Cunningham and Brandon 2006). One of these Hsps, Hsp32, has been shown to inhibit cisplatin-induced hair cell death in neonatal rat cochlea in vitro (Kim et al. 2006). Hsp70 is the most stress-inducible Hsp, and it can protect hair cells from aminoglycoside induced death both in vitro and in vivo (Taleb et al. 2008;Taleb et al. 2009). Both Hsp70 and Hsp32 have been shown to modulate the activation of either p53 or STAT-1. The experiments in this proposal are designed to examine the role of p53 in mediating cisplatin-induced hair cell death and to elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of Hsp32 and Hsp70.

Public Health Relevance

The prevention of hearing loss as a result of cisplatin treatment is necessary in order to maintain the best possible quality of life for patients receiving this drug. This project is designed to improve our understanding of cisplatin-induced hearing loss and to advance the goal of developing a co-therapy aimed at preventing cisplatin-induced hearing loss.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
Type
Individual Predoctoral NRSA for M.D./Ph.D. Fellowships (ADAMHA) (F30)
Project #
5F30DC010522-03
Application #
8129472
Study Section
Communication Disorders Review Committee (CDRC)
Program Officer
Sklare, Dan
Project Start
2009-09-28
Project End
2015-09-27
Budget Start
2011-09-28
Budget End
2012-09-27
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$35,099
Indirect Cost
Name
Medical University of South Carolina
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
183710748
City
Charleston
State
SC
Country
United States
Zip Code
29425
Baker, Tiffany G; Roy, Soumen; Brandon, Carlene S et al. (2015) Heat shock protein-mediated protection against Cisplatin-induced hair cell death. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 16:67-80