Among individuals with a substance use disorder (SUD), major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common comorbid Axis I disorder, and is associated with a multitude of negative outcomes, including higher treatment costs, greater risk of suicide attempts, worse overall quality of life, and poorer treatment response. Integrated interventions for concurrent treatment of both disorders have been suggested as the optimal mode of treatment delivery. However, few randomized trials have tested integrated treatment against evidence-based comparison treatments, and integrated interventions are not yet empirically-supported. Treatment researchers have begun focusing on the mediating processes involved in behavioral treatments for SUDs, with hopes of increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and portability of interventions. By comparison, the existing literature on mediating processes in comorbid populations is strikingly lacking. Discovery of mediating processes should provide insight into the common and unique mechanisms of integrated and non-integrated treatment approaches, informing the development of more powerful interventions. The proposed research will examine mediators of substance use and depression outcomes during a randomized, controlled trial of outpatient group therapies for veterans with comorbid SUD-MDD. Veterans were randomized to either Integrated Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy (ICBT) or Twelve-Step Facilitation (TSF). Key mediators from previous studies of SUDs (self-efficacy, 12-step affiliation, social support for abstinence, coping skills) and MDD (dysfunctional attitudes, negative mood regulation) were assessed quarterly during 6 months of treatment and 12-months of follow-up. Under the first primary aim, latent trajectories of 12-step affiliation, dysfunctional attitudes, and negative mood regulation during treatment will be estimated with latent growth curve models, with the prediction that the TSF group will have increases in 12-step affiliation over time, and change in each mediator will be associated with change in depression. Under the second aim, trajectories of self-efficacy, 12-step affiliation, social support for abstinence, and coping skills during follow-up will be estimated, with the hypothesis that TSF will have reductions in 12-step affiliation, ICBT will maintain levels of self-efficacy, and both groups will have reductions in social support for abstinence and coping skills over time. Changes in each mediator are expected to be associated with substance use trajectories.
The third aim will examine the effects of baseline neurocognitive impairment on mediators and their association with outcome. It is predicted that greater neurocognitive impairment will have a deleterious effect on latent trajectories of self-efficacy, dysfunctional attitudes, and negative mood regulation. In addition, the strength of association between these mediators and outcomes will be weaker for patients with greater neurocognitive impairment.

Public Health Relevance

The proposal seeks to identify key mediators of change for patients randomized to receive integrated or nonintegrated treatment for comorbid substance use disorder (SUD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). The results have the potential to inform the development of more powerful interventions, thus reducing treatment costs and improving quality of life for individuals with this chronic, costly, and disabling combination of disorders.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Predoctoral Individual National Research Service Award (F31)
Project #
5F31DA030861-02
Application #
8223688
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-F12B-S (20))
Program Officer
Grossman, Debra
Project Start
2011-01-25
Project End
2013-01-24
Budget Start
2012-01-25
Budget End
2013-01-24
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$33,553
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California San Diego
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
804355790
City
La Jolla
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
92093
Luk, Jeremy W; Worley, Matthew J; Winiger, Evan et al. (2016) Risky driving and sexual behaviors as developmental outcomes of co-occurring substance use and antisocial behavior. Drug Alcohol Depend 169:19-25
Choi, Tai Kiu; Worley, Matthew J; Trim, Ryan S et al. (2016) Effect of adolescent substance use and antisocial behavior on the development of early adulthood depression. Psychiatry Res 238:143-149
Khoddam, Rubin; Worley, Matthew; Browne, Kendall C et al. (2015) Family history density predicts long term substance use outcomes in an adolescent treatment sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 147:235-42
Trim, Ryan S; Worley, Matthew J; Wall, Tamara L et al. (2015) Bivariate Trajectories of Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior: Associations with Emerging Adult Outcomes in a High-Risk Sample. Emerg Adulthood 3:265-276
Worley, Matthew J; Witkiewitz, Katie; Brown, Sandra A et al. (2015) Social network moderators of naltrexone and behavioral treatment effects on heavy drinking in the COMBINE study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 39:93-100
Worley, Matthew J; Tate, Susan R; Granholm, Eric et al. (2014) Mediated and moderated effects of neurocognitive impairment on outcomes of treatment for substance dependence and major depression. J Consult Clin Psychol 82:418-28
Worley, Matthew J; Trim, Ryan S; Tate, Susan R et al. (2014) Self-efficacy and social networks after treatment for alcohol or drug dependence and major depression: disentangling person and time-level effects. Psychol Addict Behav 28:1220-9
Worley, Matthew J; Tate, Susan R; McQuaid, John R et al. (2013) 12-step affiliation and attendance following treatment for comorbid substance dependence and depression: a latent growth curve mediation model. Subst Abus 34:43-50
Worley, Matthew J; Trim, Ryan S; Roesch, Scott C et al. (2012) Comorbid depression and substance use disorder: longitudinal associations between symptoms in a controlled trial. J Subst Abuse Treat 43:291-302
Worley, Matthew J; Tate, Susan R; Brown, Sandra A (2012) Mediational relations between 12-Step attendance, depression and substance use in patients with comorbid substance dependence and major depression. Addiction 107:1974-83

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