Staphylococcus aureus causes a range of life-threatening diseases and is a leading cause of infections in the United States. The arrival of antibiotic-resistant strains, such as deadly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has made it crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. Iron is an essential nutrient for S. aureus growth and is actively procured from humans during an infection. Heme-iron within Hemoglobin (Hb) is preferentially used by S. aureus as an iron source. It is acquired by S. aureus using nine Iron regulated surface determinant (Isd) proteins that first capture Hb on the cell surface and extract its heme. The heme is then passed across the cell wall via a series of hemoreceptors, imported into the cytoplasm, and degraded to release free iron. A Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award to Promote Diversity in Health- Related Research will fund research to study how the Isd-system in S. aureus captures and extracts heme from Hb. The funding will also provide extensive training in a wide range of advanced modern structural, biochemical, and cellular methods. Research will focus on the staphylococcal Hb receptor IsdH.
In aim #1, the structure of the receptor in its apo-state will be determined using a combination of newly developed paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) and residual dipolar coupling (RDC) NMR methods, enabling a model of the heme extraction process from Hb to be formulated.
In aim #2, the mechanism of heme extraction from Hb will be probed using targeted amino acid mutagenesis as well as in vitro and in vivo heme transfer experiments. Finally, in aim #3, the molecular basis through which IsdH transfers captured heme to downstream hemoreceptors within the Isd-system that are embedded in the cell wall will be investigated. The transient, ultra-low affinity interaction of heme transfer can only be studied using NMR chemical perturbation and PRE experiments. The Isd-system is required for S. aureus virulence and related systems are present in a number of other clinically important pathogens. The results of this research could therefore facilitate the development of anti-infective agents that work by inhibiting heme acquisition.

Public Health Relevance

Relevance to Public Health Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus kill approximately 19,000 people each year in the United States. To mount an infection, S. aureus scavenges the essential nutrient iron from human hemoglobin. Research outlined in this proposal will study how iron is captured and transported into the microbe, which could facilitate the development of new antibiotics.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Predoctoral Individual National Research Service Award (F31)
Project #
1F31GM101931-01
Application #
8319196
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-F04-A (20))
Program Officer
Hagan, Ann A
Project Start
2012-07-18
Project End
2017-01-17
Budget Start
2012-07-18
Budget End
2013-07-17
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$35,636
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Los Angeles
Department
Chemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
092530369
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
90095
Sjodt, Megan; Macdonald, Ramsay; Marshall, Joanna D et al. (2018) Energetics underlying hemin extraction from human hemoglobin by Staphylococcus aureus. J Biol Chem 293:6942-6957
Sjodt, Megan; Clubb, Robert T (2017) Nitroxide Labeling of Proteins and the Determination of Paramagnetic Relaxation Derived Distance Restraints for NMR Studies. Bio Protoc 7:
Sjodt, Megan; Macdonald, Ramsay; Spirig, Thomas et al. (2016) The PRE-Derived NMR Model of the 38.8-kDa Tri-Domain IsdH Protein from Staphylococcus aureus Suggests That It Adaptively Recognizes Human Hemoglobin. J Mol Biol 428:1107-1129
Zilbermintz, Leeor; Leonardi, William; Jeong, Sun-Young et al. (2015) Identification of agents effective against multiple toxins and viruses by host-oriented cell targeting. Sci Rep 5:13476
Malmirchegini, G Reza; Sjodt, Megan; Shnitkind, Sergey et al. (2014) Novel mechanism of hemin capture by Hbp2, the hemoglobin-binding hemophore from Listeria monocytogenes. J Biol Chem 289:34886-99
Spirig, Thomas; Malmirchegini, G Reza; Zhang, Jiang et al. (2013) Staphylococcus aureus uses a novel multidomain receptor to break apart human hemoglobin and steal its heme. J Biol Chem 288:1065-78