Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a pervasive and often chronic disorder affecting between 4% and 7% of the population. GAD is frequently comorbid with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), with which lifetime diagnoses co-occur between 40% and 75% of the time. The present proposal aims to shed light on how GAD relates to error processing, as well as how depressive symptoms impact anxiety-related processes using the error-related negativity (ERN), a deflection in the event-related brain potential (ERP) subsequent to an erroneous response. A number of studies have reported increased ERNs in anxious and worried populations. However, no studies to date have examined the ERN in a clinical sample of GAD, nor has the influence of comorbid depression on error-related brain activity been systematically evaluated. In the present study, our working model is that although GAD will be related to an increased ERN, symptoms specific to depression will relate to a decreased ERN. We are testing the novel hypothesis that the presence of MDD may mask, or even alter, the relationship between GAD and an enhanced ERN. We will also explore mechanisms of this hypothesized relationship, thereby establishing the ERN as a neural measure that is sensitive to the interaction between Negative and Positive Affect. Consistent with the mission of the Division of Neuroscience and Basic Behavioral Science at the National Institute of Mental Health, the goal of this study is to examine neural correlates of error-monitoring in GAD and comorbid GAD/MDD using two direct measures of neural activity, ERPs and spectral analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG). The proposed study has four specific aims: (a) to examine neural correlates of error-monitoring in individuals with GAD compared to controls;(b) to examine neural correlates of error-monitoring in individuals with comorbid MDD;(c) to explore relationships between the ERN and specific symptoms of each disorder;and (d) to examine these hypotheses using spectral analyses of error-related brain activity. One hundred and fifty adults (50 GAD, 50 comorbid GAD/MDD, and 50 control) will be recruited. Under the guidance of Dr. Hajcak, scalp-recorded ERPs and oscillatory EEG activity will be recorded during a laboratory task designed to elicit errors. We will derive response-locked ERPs, and complex wavelet decomposition will be used to perform spectral analysis of the EEG signal. Following this, source localization procedures will be used to identify potential neural generators. The current training proposal will allow the applicant to integrate training from co-mentors with expertise in ERN and anxiety (Dr. Hajcak), and models of comorbidity between anxiety and depression (Dr. Klein), as well as training from consultants with expertise in time-frequency analyses (Dr. Keil), and source localization of ERP/EEG signals (Dr. Pizzagalli).

Public Health Relevance

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a pervasive and often chronic disorder, but its pathophysiology is relatively understudied. Advances in research on the disorder may be complicated by high rates of comorbidity with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The current proposal seeks to utilize multiple measures of neural activity in order to unravel the complex influences of anxiety and depression on error-monitoring, particularly focusing on how depression might impact anxiety-related neural processes. Identification of symptom-specific influences on neural response to errors may support clinical conceptualization of the two disorders, as well as explain transitions from one disorder to another. Additionally, the results of the present proposal may be particularly useful for future longitudinal studies seeking to explore the course and comorbidity of GAD and MDD.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Predoctoral Individual National Research Service Award (F31)
Project #
1F31MH091837-01A1
Application #
8125840
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-F12B-J (20))
Program Officer
Rubio, Mercedes
Project Start
2011-06-01
Project End
2014-05-23
Budget Start
2011-06-01
Budget End
2012-08-23
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$30,215
Indirect Cost
Name
State University New York Stony Brook
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
804878247
City
Stony Brook
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
11794
Weinberg, Anna; Luhmann, Christian C; Bress, Jennifer N et al. (2012) Better late than never? The effect of feedback delay on ERP indices of reward processing. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 12:671-7
Weinberg, Anna; Klein, Daniel N; Hajcak, Greg (2012) Increased error-related brain activity distinguishes generalized anxiety disorder with and without comorbid major depressive disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 121:885-96