Stroke is the third leading cause of death and leading cause of disability in adults in the US. Nearly 800,000 people suffer a stroke annually, and more than 143,000 deaths occur as a result. Hispanic Americans are the fastest growing minority population in the US, as well as the most numerous. The majority of Hispanic Americans are of Mexican descent. Mexican Americans (MAs) have an increased risk of stroke especially at younger ages when disability has the greatest impact. Reasons for increased stroke risk in MAs are not fully understood but traditional risk factors are not likely to fully account for the increased stroke burden in this population. Chronic infectious pathogens have been proposed as risk factors for stroke and for poor stroke outcome, although the evidence remains inconclusive and studies have not been done in MAs. As chronic infections are more prevalent in MAs than their non-Hispanic white counterparts, this risk factor may be particularly important for this population. The proposed dissertation research seeks to examine the links between chronic infection and incident stroke and post-stroke functional outcome, among participants from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA). This research will extend current knowledge of infection and stroke in several critical ways:1) by examining antibody response to several infectious agents versus infection serostatus as independent risk factors for stroke, 2) by examining the underlying mechanisms, including inflammatory pathways, by which antibody response may influence stroke risk, 3) by investigating the association of antibody response to post-stroke functional outcomes and 4) by focusing specifically in a MA population known to experience a greater stroke burden as well as a greater infection burden. The recognition that infection increases stroke risk after accounting for traditional risk factors may have important implications for the prevention of stroke in MAs and for reducing the stroke health disparity in this population. In addition to advancing the science in this critical area, the proposed fellowship will provide the rigorous training, including coursework and seminars/workshops, interaction with stroke neurologists and epidemiologists and hands-on training in population-based studies and laboratory methods, needed to develop the applicant from a doctoral student to an independent investigator who will devote her research career to the study of stroke and its determinants, including infection.

Public Health Relevance

Chronic infectious pathogens have been proposed as risk factors for stroke, but current evidence is inconclusive. As chronic infections are highly prevalent in Mexican Americans, this risk factor may be particularly important for this population which is vulnerable to stroke. Using data from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging, the proposed fellowship will develop an outstanding doctoral student into an independent stroke investigator and extend current knowledge of infection and stroke, with a focus on Mexican Americans.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Predoctoral Individual National Research Service Award (F31)
Project #
5F31NS070430-02
Application #
8121534
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-BBBP-J (29))
Program Officer
Bosetti, Francesca
Project Start
2010-08-01
Project End
2013-07-31
Budget Start
2011-08-01
Budget End
2012-07-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$34,900
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Michigan Ann Arbor
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
073133571
City
Ann Arbor
State
MI
Country
United States
Zip Code
48109
Sealy-Jefferson, Shawnita; Gillespie, Brenda W; Aiello, Allison E et al. (2013) Antibody levels to persistent pathogens and incident stroke in Mexican Americans. PLoS One 8:e65959
Sealy-Jefferson, Shawnita; Wing, Jeffrey J; Sánchez, Brisa N et al. (2012) Age- and ethnic-specific sex differences in stroke risk. Gend Med 9:121-8