The rapid rise in atmospheric CO2 levels presents a significant long-term threat to human health.(1) Much of the current rise in CO2 levels may be ascribed to the use of non-renewable fuels and, as a result, there has been great interest in studying energy conversion reactions such as H+ reduction and H2 oxidation.(2) Some of the best H2-producing and -consuming catalysts are [FeFe] hydrogenase enzymes which are able to operate near the thermodynamic potential of the reaction at high turnover frequencies.(3-6) Because understanding the chemical basis for their high efficiency may aid in the design of new synthetic catalysts for H2 production and consumption,(7) much attention has been given to the structure of the active site of the enzyme (the H- cluster).(8, 9) The H-cluster has a biologically unprecedented structure with a 2Fe core ligated by three CO and two CN- ligands, each of which are typically toxic in their free states. Although it is known that the CO and CN- ligands derive from tyrosine,(10-13) the mechanistic details of their formation and assembly into the H- cluster are scant. In addition, the Fe centers are bridged by a five-atom dithiolate bridge; the identity of the central atom-currently thought to be N-has been the subject of much debate, and is important because it is thought to serve as a pendant base that can kinetically facilitate H+ migration.(9, 14-20) Owing to the unusual structure of the H-cluster and its central importance in affecting the rate and redox potential of the featured H2 chemistry, the mechanism of its biosynthesis is of high interest. In this proposed work, I aim to elucidate several aspects of the mechanism by which the set of maturase enzymes HydE, HydF, and HydG promote H- cluster formation. I will focus on three questions: what are the geometric and electronic structures of Fe- containing intermediates in the early stages of cluster maturation, what are the molecular precursors that give rise to the dithiolate bridge, and can the central atom be identified directly by EPR spectroscopy? To address these questions I will perform advanced EPR experiments on specifically labeled isotopologs of both intermediates in H-cluster synthesis as well as the mature H-cluster. These isotopic labels will be introduced through the use of labeled substrates (most often tyrosine) thereby allowing for a specific isotopic label to be traced from the molecular precursor through intermediates and finally into the mature H-cluster. For each intermediate, orientation-selective EPR experiments such as HYSCORE and ENDOR will enable determination of the distances and orientations of the labeled nuclei with respect to the electron spin (modeled as a point- dipole), thereby providing detailed geometric and electronic structure information. These EPR experiments will be performed in conjunction with complimentary stopped-flow FTIR and Mssbauer spectroscopies. Overall, this work will address the mechanistic details of tyrosine degredation into CO and CN- by HydG, the structures of Fe-containing intermediates in this process, the identities of the final product(s) o the HydG reaction, and the molecular precursors to the dithiolate bridge.

Public Health Relevance

Reversible hydrogen production and consumption is one of the most important chemical goals toward slowing the rate of global CO2 emission. Hydrogenase enzymes perform this reaction very rapidly with little additional energy input, and there is therefore great interest in learning the chemical basis for their remarkable efficiently. The work in this proposal seeks to study the way in which the active site of the [FeFe] hydrogenase is assembled.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Postdoctoral Individual National Research Service Award (F32)
Project #
5F32GM111025-03
Application #
9058117
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Lees, Robert G
Project Start
2014-05-01
Project End
2017-04-30
Budget Start
2016-05-01
Budget End
2017-04-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Davis
Department
Chemistry
Type
Graduate Schools
DUNS #
047120084
City
Davis
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
95618
Nguyen, Andy I; Suess, Daniel L M; Darago, Lucy E et al. (2017) Manganese-Cobalt Oxido Cubanes Relevant to Manganese-Doped Water Oxidation Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 139:5579-5587
Span, Elise A; Suess, Daniel L M; Deller, Marc C et al. (2017) The Role of the Secondary Coordination Sphere in a Fungal Polysaccharide Monooxygenase. ACS Chem Biol 12:1095-1103
Guo, Yirui; Suess, Daniel L M; Herzik Jr, Mark A et al. (2017) Regulation of nitric oxide signaling by formation of a distal receptor-ligand complex. Nat Chem Biol 13:1216-1221
Suess, Daniel L M; Kuchenreuther, Jon M; De La Paz, Liliana et al. (2016) Biosynthesis of the [FeFe] Hydrogenase H Cluster: A Central Role for the Radical SAM Enzyme HydG. Inorg Chem 55:478-87
Suess, Daniel L M; Pham, Cindy C; Bürstel, Ingmar et al. (2016) The Radical SAM Enzyme HydG Requires Cysteine and a Dangler Iron for Generating an Organometallic Precursor to the [FeFe]-Hydrogenase H-Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 138:1146-9
Suess, Daniel L M; Bürstel, Ingmar; De La Paz, Liliana et al. (2015) Cysteine as a ligand platform in the biosynthesis of the FeFe hydrogenase H cluster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:11455-60
Suess, Daniel L M; Britt, R David (2015) EPR Spectroscopic Studies of [FeFe]-Hydrogenase Maturation. Catal Letters 58:699-707
Dinis, Pedro; Suess, Daniel L M; Fox, Stephen J et al. (2015) X-ray crystallographic and EPR spectroscopic analysis of HydG, a maturase in [FeFe]-hydrogenase H-cluster assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:1362-7
Myers, William K; Stich, Troy A; Suess, Daniel L M et al. (2014) The cyanide ligands of [FeFe] hydrogenase: pulse EPR studies of (13)C and (15)N-labeled H-cluster. J Am Chem Soc 136:12237-40