Astrocytes have generally been believed to play a supportive role for neurons in the central nervous system. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that astrocytes actively participate in neuronal processes. Studies have begun linking the role of astrocytes to memory, and previous work from the Alberini lab has implicated astrocyte-neuron lactate transport as critical to memory function. Suzuki et al (2011) observed that during fear conditioning, levels of extracellular lactate increase in the hippocampus. Inhibition of glycogenolysis during fear conditioning, which occurs in astrocytes but not neurons, prevented the increase of lactate and disrupted the long-term fear memory. Notably, disruption of lactate release from astrocytes or the disruption of lactate transport into neurons during training also impaired long-term memory formation. Importantly, injection of lactate or glucose into the hippocampus could rescue the memory, but glucose is not as effective as lactate. For this application, I am requesting two years of funding to continue this line of research. The proposed experiments have been designed to examine the nature and specific contributions of lactate to neuronal function. First, we seek to demonstrate that neurons utilize lactate as an energy source. Since neurons can directly import glucose and lactate, we will test to see if these energy sources are interchangeable, or if lactate and glucose fuel specific processes. We hypothesize that neurons require glucose for basic cellular processes, and utilize lactate during the periods of high activity that occur during a learning event. Further experiments will examine which cellular processes that occur during memory formation are supported by lactate. De novo protein synthesis is required for long-term memory formation, and protein synthesis occurs locally at activated synapses. Protein synthesis is costly in terms of energy, and lactate transport machinery is localized to the synapse. Thus, we will test the hypothesis that local synaptic protein synthesis requires lactate transport from astrocytes into neurons to support memory.

Public Health Relevance

This research seeks to understand how astrocytes support memory function. Since both disease and the normal aging process can impair memory function, understanding the cellular processes that underlie memory function can lead to new treatments for such conditions. Furthermore, neuropathology is often accompanied by altered glial physiology;so understanding how astrocytes contribute to neuronal function can benefit disease research.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Postdoctoral Individual National Research Service Award (F32)
Project #
1F32MH099927-01A1
Application #
8527136
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-F03B-A (20))
Program Officer
Li, Ingrid Y
Project Start
2013-08-21
Project End
2015-08-20
Budget Start
2013-08-21
Budget End
2014-08-20
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$55,670
Indirect Cost
Name
New York University
Department
Neurology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
041968306
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10012