In platelets, phosphatidylserine (PS) is present exclusively in the inner leaflet of the membrane bilayer. Upon activation with some agonists, platelets externalize PS and provide a procoagulant surface. Exposure of PS is accompanied by the release of PS-rich procoagulant membrane fragments called platelet-derived microvesicles. Deficiency of PS exposure and microvesiculation leads to an inherited bleeding disorder, Scott syndrome. Increased microvesicles have been detected in conditions associated with either arterial or venous thrombosis. These associations suggest that, while they may be necessary for normal hemostasis, elevated microvesicles predispose to thrombosis. We have identified lactadherin and Del-1 (developmentally expressed locus-1) as mediators of microvesicles clearance. Lactadherin and Del-1 are present in circulating microvesicles and promotes their phagocytosis by macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. Lactadherin-deficient mice have increased microvesicles in the circulation and an enhanced thrombin generation in their plasma. Furthermore, in a light-dye-induced endothelial cell injury/thrombosis model, lactadherin-deficient mice have increased thrombotic tendency compared to wild type littermate controls. Our goals in the current proposal are to define the mechanism(s) of microvesicles clearance and its relation to thrombosis. We will also test the hypothesis that impaired clearance of the microvesicles per s? leads to a hypercoagulable state in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
The specific aims of this proposal are to further characterize the role of lactadherin and Del-1 in the clearance of microvesicles in vivo and to test the hypothesis that microvesicles causes thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome.

Public Health Relevance

When platelets are activated, they release small membrane fragments called microvesicles. These vesicles promote blood clotting and some individuals with thrombosis have increased microvesicles in their blood. We will test whether these microvesicles causes blood clotting because of defective clearance. Consequences of thrombosis such as myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral arterial occlusion are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among veterans. Our research has a major bearing on the understanding of the role of platelet-derived microvesicles in atherothrombosis.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Veterans Affairs (VA)
Type
Non-HHS Research Projects (I01)
Project #
5I01BX000502-03
Application #
8195600
Study Section
Hematology (HEMA)
Project Start
2009-10-01
Project End
2013-09-30
Budget Start
2011-10-01
Budget End
2012-09-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Michael E Debakey VA Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
078446044
City
Houston
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
77030
Zhou, Yuan; Cai, Wei; Zhao, Zilong et al. (2018) Lactadherin promotes microvesicle clearance to prevent coagulopathy and improves survival of severe TBI mice. Blood 131:563-572
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