This VA Merit Review renewal application proposes to study transcriptional regulation of the pro-survival program of mitochondrial biogenesis during experimental S. aureus sepsis. The need for basic research in this area is high due to the high prevalence and cost of sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in older Veterans. This high mortality syndrome is due in part to mitochondrial damage, which is mechanistically poorly understood. Using earlier funding, we discovered that mitochondrial biogenesis in sepsis is activated before energy crisis, while a rescue pathway is delayed involving the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and PGC-1? co-activator. New preliminary data links AMPK activation to nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) induction in sepsis, does not require high AMP/ATP, and loss of AMPK activation in nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) deficient mice is accompanied by worsening inflammation. AMPK may serve as an activator of three crucial transcription factors- CREB, NRF-1, and NRF- 2 (GABPA) for mitochondrial biogenesis in sepsis, but NO regulation also induces mitochondrial damage by loss of NO signal specificity and indiscriminate chemical attack on mitochondria by NO species (NOx). We propose that AMPK activation by impending energy failure up-regulates the mitochondrial damage control program in sepsis and if so, NO-independent pharmacological AMPK activation could control excess NO production and mitigate sepsis-induced MODS. We will focus on AMPK in the liver, a sentinel organ, and NOS2 as a quantitative influence on mitochondrial turnover and apoptosis using pharmacological AMPK activation to limit NO-induced mitochondrial damage.
Our Specific Aims are:
Aim 1 : To understand hepatic AMPK activation in sepsis in relation to NOS2 induction, the program of mitochondrial biogenesis, and the prevention of apoptosis. 1A. Define the relationships between AMPK activation and NOx-mediated mtDNA and protein damage, respiratory capacity, high-energy metabolites, and sepsis-induced hepatic cell death using NOS2 gene titration. 1B. Determine if AMPK activation through NO-dependent CREB/NRF-1 activity promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibitory phosphorylation of pro-apoptotic Bad and BNIP3, preventing apoptosis in sepsis.
Aim 2 : To determine if specific strategies to activate or inhibit AMPK independently of NOS2 regulate hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis and cell survival and lessen NO-dependent cell damage in sepsis. 2A. Determine if the pharmacological activation of AMPK independently of NOS2 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and/or inhibits apoptosis in sepsis. We will also use high-throughput screening to identify one or more novel selective agonists of AMPK. 2B. Compare NO-dependent and NO-independent AMPK activation for effects on the transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in sepsis using CREB and PGC-1? as key readouts. These studies will provide new molecular data on AMPK regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in sepsis, and on the extent to which NO production is regulatory. Proof-of-concept would lead to rational pharmacological approaches to activate and support mitochondrial biogenesis while minimizing NO-induced collateral damage. Understanding these fundamental regulatory mechanisms is needed to design forward-thinking therapeutic approaches to protect mitochondrial quality control during sepsis.

Public Health Relevance

This VA Merit studies the regulation of genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis during life-threatening S. aureus infections. The need for basic research in this area is high due to the high prevalence and cost of sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in older Veterans. This high mortality syndrome is due in part to poorly understood mitochondrial damage. We have new information linking a key protein kinase (AMPK) involved in sensing energy levels to nitric oxide production in sepsis, and that AMPK in sepsis may activate three gene transcription factors- CREB, NRF-1, and NRF-2 (GABPA) for mitochondrial biogenesis, but excess NO damages mitochondria by indiscriminate chemical attack on mitochondria. We propose to test NO-independent AMPK activators to control excess NO production and mitigate sepsis-induced MODS in the liver, a sentinel organ. Proof-of-concept would lead to new pharmacological approaches to activate and support mitochondrial biogenesis while minimizing NO-induced collateral damage.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Veterans Affairs (VA)
Type
Non-HHS Research Projects (I01)
Project #
5I01BX001926-04
Application #
8971980
Study Section
Respiration (PULM)
Project Start
2013-01-01
Project End
2016-12-31
Budget Start
2016-01-01
Budget End
2016-12-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Durham VA Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
043241082
City
Durham
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27705