Background: Substance use disorders (SUD)-drug use illnesses consistent with abuse or dependence of a range of substances-are common and costly mental health conditions among Veterans. Research has demonstrated that women differ from men in their patterns of SUD and in their use of services and determinants of treatment and outcomes. Although the emphasis of SUD care in the VA has been on the men who make up 96% of Veterans in SUD treatment, women Veterans represent a particularly vulnerable group with distinct needs and barriers to treatment. Women Veterans have higher rates of other psychiatric conditions, including PTSD, military sexual trauma (MST), bipolar/psychotic disorder, and mood disorders than do their male counterparts, and the occurrence of concomitant PTSD or MST requires assessing and accommodating women's needs in a private and safe SUD treatment environment. Despite VA requirements for gender aware care, most VA providers outside of women's health clinics have little or no experience delivering services to women Veterans. Women Veterans may have difficulty in the predominantly-male VA treatment environment. Purpose: The goal of the proposed CDA project is to develop the foundational evidence needed to improve women Veterans' access to optimal, gender-sensitive SUD care. To accomplish this goal, I will examine patient, provider, and organizational factors that foster or hinder the delivery of appropriate and effective care for women Veterans using mixed methods. Methods: The proposed CDA research plan will comprise 3 separate projects. The first, a secondary analysis of linked organizational- and patient-level data, will describe the patterns and determinants of women's SUD treatment involvement (initiation, engagement, and pharmacotherapy) and patient outcomes across VA facilities. The second will include the development and administration of the first survey of the organizational structure of women Veterans' VA SUD care. The survey data will be linked to patient-level data to determine the impact of women's SUD treatment structure on women veterans' treatment involvement and patient outcomes. The third project will be an in-depth qualitative study to learn from women VA SUD patients their experiences with VA SUD care and their perceptions of treatment barriers, preferences, and needs. The proposed CDA career plan builds on my strong epidemiology and biostatistics training while ensuring education, training and mentorship in the use of VA data sources, health services research design, the theory of substance use disorder, gender issues in mental health, qualitative research, organizational survey design, and implementation science. Conclusions: Providing patient-centered, gender-sensitive care for women Veterans with SUD is a VA goal, but there are fundamental information gaps on where and how women access SUD care in the VA. Moreover, little work has been done to determine the features of care that can best address women Veterans' specific needs and treatment barriers. The proposed research will address these knowledge gaps, paving the way to subsequent target efforts to provide women Veterans optimal, gender-sensitive SUD care.

Public Health Relevance

Efforts to deliver optimal, patient-centered care for women Veterans with substance use disorder (SUD) require information on their specific treatment needs and barriers. The proposed CDA will allow me to build a career improving the delivery of gender-sensitive SUD care to women Veterans. The planned training activities will give me experience working with VA data, developing organizational surveys, and building the capacity to conduct qualitative research. The planned research will investigate for the first time the patterns of women Veterans' SUD treatment across VA settings, medical specialties, and patient subgroups; the impact of SUD treatment on women's outcomes; the detailed structure of women's SUD care in the VA; and women's qualitative experiences of VA SUD care. This research directly addresses VA HSR&D priorities in Women's Health Research and supports the efforts of the SUD-QUERI to promote patient-centered, evidence-based specialty care.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Veterans Affairs (VA)
Type
Veterans Administration (IK2)
Project #
5IK2HX000846-02
Application #
8844252
Study Section
HSR&D Career Development Award (CDA0)
Project Start
2012-05-01
Project End
2017-04-30
Budget Start
2013-05-01
Budget End
2014-04-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
VA Greater Los Angels Healthcare System
Department
Type
DUNS #
066689118
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
90073
Hoggatt, Katherine J; Simpson, Tracy; Schweizer, Catherine A et al. (2018) Identifying women veterans with unhealthy alcohol use using gender-tailored screening. Am J Addict 27:97-100
Evans, Elizabeth A; Upchurch, Dawn M; Simpson, Tracy et al. (2018) Differences by Veteran/civilian status and gender in associations between childhood adversity and alcohol and drug use disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 53:421-435
Hepner, Kimberly A; Hoggatt, Katherine J; Bogart, Andy et al. (2018) Does Documented Brief Intervention Predict Decreases in Alcohol Use in Primary Care? Subst Use Misuse 53:1633-1637