Proposed is a program of training and research using ongoing longitudinal studies to investigate the effects of dynamic environments on childhood obesity. Obesity and sedentary behavior are increasingly common threats to childhood health, likely reflecting changes to the physical activity opportunities, food environment, and social contexts experienced by children and their families. Characteristics of the built environment have been linked to health behaviors and weight of both children and adults, but the causal nature of the link is not clear. A key challenge is to distinguish between competing explanations for the observed associations: the effect of neighborhoods on individual physical activity and health versus the tendency for active and healthy individuals to select neighborhoods that support their lifestyle. The proposed research has the potential to corroborate or temper the conclusions of previous research on this topic. Whereas previous cross-sectional studies have largely assumed that residential environments are static, the proposed project will use data on residential mobility and dynamic environments to better establish the temporal sequence of purported environmental causes and health effects. Available social context measures will be leveraged to show how built environment associations compare to or interact with those of social context. I will select analytical approaches to take full advantage of these data and to assess competing causal hypotheses. I will analyze data on built environments, social context, physical activity, and weight from two longitudinal studies. The first is the Fragile Families Study of Childhood Wellbeing, a birth cohort study of 4,898 children in large US cities that oversampled single parent families and is currently collecting data at age 9. The second is the Healthy PLACES trial a natural experimental evaluation of a newly built Smart Growth development, with built environment characteristics expected to have beneficial effects on local social networks and physical activity from parent-child pairs. Analyses in these cohorts will address specific hypotheses focusing on the obesogenic effects of the built environment, social context, and their interaction. In addition to the use of longitudinal and natural experimental designs, I will explore a range of analytical strategies selected to test the causal nature of observed associations. In particular, I will examine sequencing, specificity, and selection through stratified analyses, structural equation modeling, latent trajectory analysis, directed acyclic graphs, propensity score matching, and instrumental variable analysis. The proposed research will be complemented by experiential and didactic training in (1) environmental approaches to decrease health disparities, (2) theory and measurement of social context and health, (3) trajectory analysis and lifecourse epidemiology, and (4) study designs and analytical approaches to inform causal inference. This research and training will enable me to launch a program of independent research on the urban built and social environments shaping childhood physical activity and health.

Public Health Relevance

Promising strategies to promote health and prevent childhood obesity include creating new opportunities for physical activity and increasing availability of places to buy healthy foods. However, a focus on structural interventions to prevent childhood obesity may be ineffective if we do not understand how social context shapes the use of these resources. This project will use data collected on individuals over time, along with digital maps of the local environment, to evaluate which neighborhood food and fitness resources are associated with less childhood obesity and better health, and what social circumstances are necessary to see such a benefit.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Scientist Development Award - Research & Training (K01)
Project #
1K01HD067390-01A1
Application #
8190251
Study Section
Pediatrics Subcommittee (CHHD)
Program Officer
King, Rosalind B
Project Start
2011-08-10
Project End
2016-07-31
Budget Start
2011-08-10
Budget End
2012-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$133,839
Indirect Cost
Name
Columbia University (N.Y.)
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
621889815
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10032
DeCuir, Jennifer; Lovasi, Gina S; El-Sayed, Abdulrahman et al. (2018) The association between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and high-risk injection behavior among people who inject drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 183:184-191
Goh, Charlene E; Mooney, Stephen J; Siscovick, David S et al. (2018) Medical facilities in the neighborhood and incidence of sudden cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 130:118-123
Mooney, Stephen J; Lemaitre, Rozenn N; Siscovick, David S et al. (2018) Neighborhood food environment, dietary fatty acid biomarkers, and cardiac arrest risk. Health Place 53:128-134
Ong, Paulina; Lovasi, Gina S; Madsen, Ann et al. (2017) Evaluating the Effectiveness of New York City Health Policy Initiatives in Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Mortality, 1990-2011. Am J Epidemiol 186:555-563
Lovasi, Gina S; Fink, David S; Mooney, Stephen J et al. (2017) Model-based and design-based inference goals frame how to account for neighborhood clustering in studies of health in overlapping context types. SSM Popul Health 3:600-608
Mooney, Stephen J; Grady, Stephanie T; Sotoodehnia, Nona et al. (2016) In the Wrong Place with the Wrong SNP: The Association Between Stressful Neighborhoods and Cardiac Arrest Within Beta-2-adrenergic Receptor Variants. Epidemiology 27:656-62
Quinn, James W; Mooney, Stephen J; Sheehan, Daniel M et al. (2016) Neighborhood Physical Disorder in New York City. J Maps 12:53-60
Mooney, Stephen J; Sheehan, Daniel M; Zulaika, Garazi et al. (2016) Quantifying Distance Overestimation From Global Positioning System in Urban Spaces. Am J Public Health 106:651-3
Lovasi, Gina S; Mooney, Stephen J; Muennig, Peter et al. (2016) Cause and context: place-based approaches to investigate how environments affect mental health. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 51:1571-1579
Kaufman, Tanya K; Sheehan, Daniel M; Rundle, Andrew et al. (2015) Measuring health-relevant businesses over 21 years: refining the National Establishment Time-Series (NETS), a dynamic longitudinal data set. BMC Res Notes 8:507

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