Candidate: I hold an MD/PhD and am a pediatric infectious disease physician and basic scientist. Every step in my career journey has been focused towards the goal of becoming a physician scientist. I am at the beginning of my first faculty appointment, and find that this time is a unique one in which I have the opportunity to broaden my skills in the area of immunology. My main goal during the time of the K08 award is to develop expertise in state of the art experimental immunology. I will achieve this via didactic instruction, accompanied by mentorship from several virologists and immunologists in the context of the proposed research project examining the role of CD4 T cells in preventing Rift Valley fever virus encephalitis. My primary mentor, Paul Spearman, MD, is a viral immunologist as well as a physician scientist and my division director. As a career and science mentor, he will guide my research progress over the time of the award, facilitate advisory committee meetings, and provide career development assistance including R01 proposal development and review. In the next 5 years I plan to capitalize on these newly gained skills to establish myself as an expert in studies of the interaction between host immune responses and emerging viruses. Environment: My appointment is in the Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics in the Emory University School of Medicine. The Department of Pediatrics at Emory is ranked ninth in the 2014 NIH rankings for Departments of Pediatrics for NIH based funding. This Department has an established track record of supporting junior physician scientists. There are numerous resources available to me at Emory for both research and career development. The experiments will be performed in the BSL-3E space at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, where I hold a guest researcher appointment in the Viral Special Pathogens Branch and will have the expert mentorship and support from Christina Spiropoulou, PhD, team lead. Research: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito borne virus that causes disease in people and animals in Africa and the Middle East. In the past few years several new live attenuated vaccines have become available for use in livestock. The basis of attenuation for all of these vaccines is the deletion/modification of the viral virulence factor, NSs. These Del NSs viruses generate a protective immune response in animals, in that vaccinated animals are protected from challenge with wild-type virus. However, until recently, little was known about which specific components of the immune response were important for this protection. We reported that mice that were depleted of their CD4 T cells developed encephalitis following infection with the Del NSs virus, suggesting that some function of the CD4 T cell was important for providing protection from this virus. In this proposal, we will first determine the mechanism (viral vs. immune mediated) of Del NSs encephalitis in the CD4 depleted mice. Then, since there are at least 5 different types of CD4 T cells with various roles, we will characterize the CD4 T cell subsets that are activated and functional during Del NSs infection and begin to examine each subset individually to determine how they contribute to protection from encephalitis. Finally the role of B cells and antibodies in protection from encephalitis will be defined. These experiments will establish correlates of immunity against RVFV in the mouse model. These data will be used to design future studies targeted at examining immune correlates of protection in humans.

Public Health Relevance

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne virus that affects individuals and livestock in Africa and the Middle East. During the proposed research training program, we will define the components of the adaptive immune response that are important for protecting mice from RVFV mediated disease. The knowledge and skills that Dr. McElroy will gain during the program will provide her with the technical and analytical tools to build upon this study of mouse immune responses, and to ultimately better understand how to protect humans from disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Clinical Investigator Award (CIA) (K08)
Project #
5K08AI119448-04
Application #
9412119
Study Section
Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation Research Committee (AITC)
Program Officer
Alarcon, Rodolfo M
Project Start
2016-02-15
Project End
2020-01-31
Budget Start
2018-02-01
Budget End
2019-01-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pittsburgh
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004514360
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
15213
de St Maurice, Annabelle; Harmon, Jessica; Nyakarahuka, Luke et al. (2018) Rift valley fever viral load correlates with the human inflammatory response and coagulation pathway abnormalities in humans with hemorrhagic manifestations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12:e0006460
Shrivastava-Ranjan, Punya; Flint, Mike; Bergeron, Éric et al. (2018) Statins Suppress Ebola Virus Infectivity by Interfering with Glycoprotein Processing. MBio 9:
Spengler, Jessica R; McElroy, Anita K; Harmon, Jessica R et al. (2018) Human immune cell engraftment does not alter development of severe acute Rift Valley fever in mice. PLoS One 13:e0201104
Harmon, Jessica R; Spengler, Jessica R; Coleman-McCray, Joann D et al. (2018) CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and monocytes coordinate to prevent Rift Valley fever virus encephalitis. J Virol :
McElroy, Anita K; Mühlberger, Elke; Muñoz-Fontela, César (2018) Immune barriers of Ebola virus infection. Curr Opin Virol 28:152-160
McElroy, Anita K; Harmon, Jessica R; Flietstra, Timothy et al. (2018) Human Biomarkers of Outcome Following Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 218:1847-1851
Spengler, Jessica R; Kelly Keating, M; McElroy, Anita K et al. (2017) Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Humanized Mice Reveals Glial Cells as Primary Targets of Neurological Infection. J Infect Dis 216:1386-1397
Harmon, Jessica R; Nichol, Stuart T; Spiropoulou, Christina F et al. (2017) Whole Blood-Based Multiplex Immunoassays for the Evaluation of Human Biomarker Responses to Emerging Viruses in Resource-Limited Regions. Viral Immunol 30:671-674
McElroy, Anita K; Akondy, Rama S; Harmon, Jessica R et al. (2017) A Case of Human Lassa Virus Infection With Robust Acute T-Cell Activation and Long-Term Virus-Specific T-Cell Responses. J Infect Dis 215:1862-1872