Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the U.S. A central derangement in diabetic nephropathy is excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide and its product, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are ROS that have garnered greatest attention in DN. We recently discovered that peroxidasin, a protein embedded in extracellular matrix, converts H2O2 to highly reactive hypobromous (HOBr) and hypochlorous (HOCl) acid, collectively denoted as hypohalous acids (HOX). Peroxidasin uses HOX to form novel sulfilimine bonds (S=N) in basement membrane collagen IV, the first identified function for peroxidasin. But, in a diabetic milieu saturated wit H2O2 substrate, peroxidasin may produce excessive HOX. HOX are highly reactive and oxidatively halogenate proteins to adversely affect cell function. In preliminary work using a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy, we have found that glomerular and tubular peroxidasin expression and HOX mediated protein damage are increased. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that peroxidasin plays a pathogenic role in diabetic nephropathy by generating toxic HOX that halogenate proteins to alter cell function and promote extracellular matrix expansion. To test this hypothesis, Aim 1 will determine how peroxidasin functions within basement membranes examining the interaction between collagen IV and peroxidasin.
In Aim 2, we will examine the role of peroxidasin and HOX in hyperglycemia induced renal cell dysfunction and matrix accumulation as an in vitro model of diabetic nephropathy. Using innovative mass spectrometry, we will identify specific sites of HOX mediated protein halogenation associated with peroxidasin upregulation.
In Aim 3, we will directly test the role of peroxidasin and HOX in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy. Building upon the mass spectrometry studies in Aim 2, we will identify protein halogenation sites in vivo. Furthermore, we will pharmacologically block peroxidasin and determine whether the intervention ameliorates diabetic nephropathy. The proposed work holds promise to provide insight into the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and establish peroxidasin as a potential therapeutic target. Environment The proposed studies will be conducted at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center within the Division of Nephrology. The division has 14 NIH funded laboratories with over 13 million dollars in annual NIH funding and is one of only nine NIH George O'Brien Kidney Research Centers in the U.S. thus providing Dr. Bhave ample financial, administrative, and scientific support. Dr. Bhave is primarily mentored by Dr. Billy Hudson, a well- established scientist with nearly 40 years of NIH funding. His expertise resides in basement membrane and type IV collagen biochemistry and his seminal work includes the identification of the Goodpasture antigen and the development of pyridoxamine as a glycation inhibitor for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Dr. Bhave is also supported by Drs. Raymond Harris and Roy Zent as co-mentors to help develop an independent line of investigation and career path. Dr. Harris is Chief of the Division of Nephrology and his experience in models of diabetic nephropathy is crucial to the proposed work. Dr. Zent heads a well-funded group studying renal development and integrins and will provide expertise in the investigation of peroxidasin and cell-matrix interactions. Taken together, Dr. Bhave's mentors collectively represent over 75 years of experience in career development, mentoring, and scientific investigation. Candidate Dr. Gautam (Jay) Bhave is currently an Instructor in the Division of Nephrology at Vanderbilt with >80% of his time dedicated to bench research. He completed his M.D. and Ph.D. degrees at Baylor College of Medicine with High Honors and clinical training at Johns Hopkins Hospital and Vanderbilt. His graduate work examined sensitization of sensory neurons with tissue injury and inflammation and garnered high-profile, first author publications in Nature Neuroscience, Neuron, and PNAS. After clinical training, Dr. Bhave joined the lab of Dr. Billy Hudson as a research fellow and began investigating how a newly discovered sulfilimine (S=N) cross-link in the collagen IV protein network is formed. The work has reached fruition with the discovery of a catalyzing enzyme, peroxidasin, and a first author manuscript describing this work was recently published in Nature Chemical Biology accompanied by a commentary and cover illustration. Ultimately, Dr. Bhave hopes to translate his seminal biochemical discovery into an independent line of investigation examining the role of peroxidasin in matrix remodeling and expansion in renal disease.

Public Health Relevance

Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the U.S. This work will improve our knowledge of how patients with diabetes develop kidney disease and generate new possibilities for its treatment.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Clinical Investigator Award (CIA) (K08)
Project #
5K08DK097306-02
Application #
8700396
Study Section
Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases B Subcommittee (DDK)
Program Officer
Rankin, Tracy L
Project Start
2013-07-15
Project End
2018-04-30
Budget Start
2014-05-01
Budget End
2015-04-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$145,098
Indirect Cost
$10,748
Name
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004413456
City
Nashville
State
TN
Country
United States
Zip Code
37212
McCall, A Scott; Bhave, Gautam; Pedchenko, Vadim et al. (2018) Inhibitory Anti-Peroxidasin Antibodies in Pulmonary-Renal Syndromes. J Am Soc Nephrol 29:2619-2625
Shah, Sanjeev R; Bhave, Gautam (2018) Using Electrolyte Free Water Balance to Rationalize and Treat Dysnatremias. Front Med (Lausanne) 5:103
Jones-Paris, Celestial R; Paria, Sayan; Berg, Taloa et al. (2017) Embryo implantation triggers dynamic spatiotemporal expression of the basement membrane toolkit during uterine reprogramming. Matrix Biol 57-58:347-365
Colon, Selene; Page-McCaw, Patrick; Bhave, Gautam (2017) Role of Hypohalous Acids in Basement Membrane Homeostasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 27:839-854
Nlandu-Khodo, Stellor; Neelisetty, Surekha; Phillips, Melanie et al. (2017) Blocking TGF-? and ?-Catenin Epithelial Crosstalk Exacerbates CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 28:3490-3503
LaFever, Kimberly S; Wang, Xiaoxi; Page-McCaw, Patrick et al. (2017) Both Drosophila matrix metalloproteinases have released and membrane-tethered forms but have different substrates. Sci Rep 7:44560
Bhave, Gautam; Colon, Selene; Ferrell, Nicholas (2017) The sulfilimine cross-link of collagen IV contributes to kidney tubular basement membrane stiffness. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 313:F596-F602
Colon, Selene; Bhave, Gautam (2016) Proprotein Convertase Processing Enhances Peroxidasin Activity to Reinforce Collagen IV. J Biol Chem 291:24009-24016
Jones-Paris, Celestial R; Paria, Sayan; Berg, Taloa et al. (2016) Basement membrane ultrastructure and component localization data from uterine tissues during early mouse pregnancy. Data Brief 9:931-939
Cummings, Christopher F; Pedchenko, Vadim; Brown, Kyle L et al. (2016) Extracellular chloride signals collagen IV network assembly during basement membrane formation. J Cell Biol 213:479-94

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