Cocaine use among criminal offenders constitutes a major public health problem and is tied to negative consequences for offenders, their families, and their communities. One of the direst of these consequences is repeated incarceration;thus, interventions that reduce criminal recidivism are needed. Forensic populations are often viewed with considerable therapeutic pessimism. However, offenders exhibit heterogeneity in personality traits, and the assessment of individual differences among offenders may provide valuable information that guides the use of psychotherapeutic interventions. Among offenders, psychopathy has emerged as an important personality construct for the understanding of violence and criminal recidivism. Moreover, core traits of psychopathy such as lack of empathy, deceitfulness, and lack of remorse may have negative implications for the efficacy of psychosocial interventions. A foundational premise of the present work is that understanding the moderating role of psychopathic traits on substance use treatment outcomes among offenders is essential to determining what works, and for whom. The current proposal is a Phase II randomized clinical trial that aims to examine the impact of psychopathic traits on the efficacy of a brief cocaine use intervention for offenders in a jail diversion program. Hypotheses that will be examined include: 1) that a Motivational Interviewing (MI) - based treatment will reduce cocaine use and related consequences relative to a Standard Care only condition, 2) that the reduction in cocaine use in the intervention group will mediate a reduction in later criminal recidivism relative to the Standard Care condition, and 3) that core psychopathic traits will moderate the efficacy of the intervention such that individuals with lower levels of these traits will derive greater benefits with regard to decreased cocaine use, decreased drug use consequences, and decreased criminal recidivism at a one-year follow-up. This work has the potential to provide important data regarding which individuals can benefit from a brief intervention for cocaine use. Such data will inform the effective and efficient allocation of treatment resources for cocaine using offenders.

Public Health Relevance

Repeated incarceration is linked to poor emotional health, infectious disease, and diminishing prospects for reintegration into society. The effects of incarceration are felt not only by offenders, but by their families and communities in the form of economic hardship, children with absent parents, and, potentially, individuals who become more ill or dangerous with repeated incarcerations. The present study aims to decrease criminal recidivism by providing information that informs the effective and efficient treatment of cocaine-using offenders.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23)
Project #
5K23DA027720-02
Application #
8145329
Study Section
Human Development Research Subcommittee (NIDA)
Program Officer
Aklin, Will
Project Start
2010-09-30
Project End
2014-08-31
Budget Start
2011-09-01
Budget End
2012-08-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$173,502
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Rochester
Department
Psychiatry
Type
Schools of Dentistry
DUNS #
041294109
City
Rochester
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
14627
Swogger, Marc T; Conner, Kenneth R; Caine, Eric D et al. (2016) A test of core psychopathic traits as a moderator of the efficacy of a brief motivational intervention for substance-using offenders. J Consult Clin Psychol 84:248-58
Swogger, Marc T; Walsh, Zach; Christie, Michael et al. (2015) Impulsive versus premeditated aggression in the prediction of violent criminal recidivism. Aggress Behav 41:346-52
Swogger, Marc T; Walsh, Zach; Maisto, Stephen A et al. (2014) Reactive and proactive aggression and suicide attempts among criminal offenders. Crim Justice Behav 41:337-344
Swogger, Marc T; Van Orden, Kimberly A; Conner, Kenneth R (2014) The relationship of outwardly-directed aggression to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts across two high-risk samples. Psychol Violence 4:184-195
Conner, Kenneth R; Houston, Rebecca J; Swogger, Marc T et al. (2012) Stressful life events and suicidal behavior in adults with alcohol use disorders: role of event severity, timing, and type. Drug Alcohol Depend 120:155-61
Swogger, M T; Walsh, Z; Homaifar, B Y et al. (2012) Predicting self- and other-directed violence among discharged psychiatric patients: the roles of anger and psychopathic traits. Psychol Med 42:371-9
Swogger, Marc T; Walsh, Zach; Kosson, David S et al. (2012) Self-Reported Childhood Physical Abuse and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence: The Moderating Role of Psychopathic Traits. Crim Justice Behav 39:910-922
You, Sungeun; Swogger, Marc T; Cerulli, Catherine et al. (2011) Interpersonal violence victimization and suicidal ideation. An examination in criminal offenders. Crisis 32:240-5
Swogger, Marc T; Conner, Kenneth R; Walsh, Zach et al. (2011) Childhood abuse and harmful substance use among criminal offenders. Addict Behav 36:1205-12