Almost 20% of young adults (18-39 years old) in the United States have hypertension;yet, hypertension is under-recognized as a cardiovascular risk factor in young adults. This proposal will address the serious problem that only one-third of hypertensive young adults have their hypertension controlled (35%), compared to 51% of middle-aged and 48% of older adults. However, once blood pressure medication is initiated after appropriate lifestyle intervention, young adults achieve the highest hypertension control rates (70%), suggesting barriers in assigning a diagnosis and initiating medication in young adults. The primary factors driving delays in the diagnosis and treatment in young adults are unknown. Thus, it is unknown what the optimal interventions are to improve hypertension control in young adults. As an academic preventive cardiologist, Dr. Johnson's goal is to lead an independent translational research program to improve guideline implementation and hypertension control in young adults. This 5-year proposal will advance her career goals by providing the necessary support and training in complex intervention development and implementation. Dr. Johnson is well prepared to successfully complete this proposal. With focused training, expert mentorship, and a novel research plan, she will transition to an independent investigator with R01 support and an established research program in cardiovascular disease prevention for young adults. The proposed aims are to: 1) determine provider, system, and patient factors explaining delays in assigning a diagnosis of hypertension in young adults, 2) determine provider, system, and patient factors explaining delays in the initiation of hypertensive treatment in young adults, and 3) design an intervention to reduce delays in the diagnosis of hypertension and initiation of antihypertensive medication in young adults.
Aims 1 and 2 apply a model of clinical inertia to evaluate barriers to hypertension control in young adults. Electronic health record data from a large physician group will be extracted for 8,385 patients and 325 primary care providers. A survey of these primary care providers will assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers.
Aim 3 uses an established technique of intervention mapping;identified barriers to hypertension management in young adults will be mapped to an intervention and assessed with focus groups of providers, patients, and administrators. This proposal directly responds to NHLBI's goals of developing system-oriented approaches to increase evidence-based guideline use and developing interventions to improve system performance and health outcomes.

Public Health Relevance

This proposal directly addresses the public health burden of the rising rates of hypertension and poor hypertension control among young adults in the United States. This research will impact the management of hypertensive young adults in primary care clinics, and inform the development of sustainable healthcare quality improvement interventions.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (K23)
Project #
5K23HL112907-02
Application #
8471771
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZHL1-CSR-X (F1))
Program Officer
Einhorn, Paula
Project Start
2012-06-01
Project End
2017-04-30
Budget Start
2013-05-01
Budget End
2014-04-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$153,576
Indirect Cost
$11,376
Name
University of Wisconsin Madison
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
161202122
City
Madison
State
WI
Country
United States
Zip Code
53715
Chaddha, Ashish; Smith, Maureen A; Palta, Mari et al. (2018) Hypertension control after an initial cardiac event among Medicare patients with diabetes mellitus: A multidisciplinary group practice observational study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 20:891-901
Bartels, Christie M; Ramly, Edmond; Johnson, Heather M et al. (2018) Connecting Rheumatology Patients to Primary Care for High Blood Pressure: Specialty clinic protocol improves follow-up and population blood pressures. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) :
Haggart, Ryan C; Bartels, Christie M; Smith, Maureen A et al. (2018) Sociodemographics and hypertension control among young adults with incident hypertension: a multidisciplinary group practice observational study. J Hypertens 36:2425-2433
Bartels, Christie Michels; Johnson, Heather; Alcaraz Voelker, Katya et al. (2018) Frequency and Predictors of Communication About High Blood Pressure in Rheumatoid Arthritis Visits. J Clin Rheumatol 24:210-217
Ramly, Edmond; Stroik, Brad; Lauver, Diane R et al. (2018) Assessing Unwanted Variations in Rheumatology Clinic Previsit Rooming. J Clin Rheumatol :
Johnson, Heather M; Warner, Ryan C; Bartels, Christie M et al. (2017) ""They're younger… it's harder."" Primary providers' perspectives on hypertension management in young adults: a multicenter qualitative study. BMC Res Notes 10:9
King, Cecile C; Bartels, Christie M; Magnan, Elizabeth M et al. (2017) The importance of frequent return visits and hypertension control among US young adults: a multidisciplinary group practice observational study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 19:1288-1297
Vreede, Andrew P; Johnson, Heather M; Piper, Megan et al. (2017) Rheumatologists Modestly More Likely to Counsel Smokers in Visits Without Rheumatoid Arthritis Control: An Observational Study. J Clin Rheumatol 23:273-277
Johnson, Heather M; LaMantia, Jamie N; Warner, Ryan C et al. (2016) MyHEART: A Non Randomized Feasibility Study of a Young Adult Hypertension Intervention. J Hypertens Manag 2:
Gooding, Holly; Johnson, Heather M (2016) The Unchartered Frontier: Preventive Cardiology Between the Ages of 15 and 35 Years. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep 10:

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