Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a deadly opportunistic infection of the brain caused by the polyomavirus JC (JCV), which occurs in immunosuppressed individuals. There is no treatment for PML, and the incidence of this disease has not decreased significantly in HIV+ patients since the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). In addition, a growing number of organ transplant recipients are also at risk for PML, as well as patients with multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease treated with the novel immunomodulatory medication natalizumab. The challenges that lies ahead is to harness advances in our understanding of the virological and immunological determinants of JCV pathogenesis and translate them into both pre-diagnostic markers aiming at preventing PML, as well as therapeutic options for this disease, while training the next generation of young physicians in patient-oriented research. In this application, we will: 1) Characterize pre-diagnostic markers of PML;2) Analyze the molecular determinants of JCV latency and reactivation in bone marrow, and determine the phenotype of JCV infected bone marrow cells;3) Determine the role of HLA class I alleles in PML outcome;4) Correlate MRI/1H-MRS, histological, immunological and virological parameters over time with lesion volume, neurological deficit and clinical outcome of the PML patients;5) Study JCV reactivation in MS patients treated with natalizumab, and explore the effect of VLA-4 blockade on JCV-specific CD8+ T cells;6) Characterize the pathogenesis of the JCV variant associated with JCV Granule Cell Neuronopathy (JCV GCN);7) Develop dendritic cell-based immunotherapy for PML; and 8) Explore the antiviral immune response against the polyomavirus BK in the context of HLA mismatched kidney grafts. Opportunities for mentoring young physicians, scientists, junior faculty and students are discussed for each specific aim. These studies will certainly appeal to young individuals interested to launch their careers in the fields of Neurology, Neurolmaging, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Immunology, Hematology, Nephrology and Pathology.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24)
Project #
5K24NS060950-02
Application #
7575619
Study Section
NST-2 Subcommittee (NST)
Program Officer
Utz, Ursula
Project Start
2008-03-01
Project End
2013-02-28
Budget Start
2009-03-01
Budget End
2010-02-28
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$139,334
Indirect Cost
Name
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
071723621
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02215
Satyanarayana, Gowri; Hammond, Sarah P; Broge Jr, Thomas A et al. (2015) BK polyomavirus reactivation after reduced-intensity double umbilical cord blood cell transplantation. Transpl Immunol 32:116-20
Tan, Chen Sabrina; Broge Jr, Thomas A; Ngo, Long et al. (2014) Immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with selective control of JC virus reactivation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 20:992-9
Schwenk, Hayden; Ramirez-Avila, Lynn; Sheu, Shu-Hsien et al. (2014) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in pediatric patients: case report and literature review. Pediatr Infect Dis J 33:e99-105
Dang, Louis; Dang, Xin; Koralnik, Igor J et al. (2014) JC polyomavirus granule cell neuronopathy in a patient treated with rituximab. JAMA Neurol 71:487-9
Siddiqi, Omar K; Ghebremichael, Musie; Dang, Xin et al. (2014) Molecular diagnosis of central nervous system opportunistic infections in HIV-infected Zambian adults. Clin Infect Dis 58:1771-7
Chalkias, Spyridon; Dang, Xin; Bord, Evelyn et al. (2014) JC virus reactivation during prolonged natalizumab monotherapy for multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 75:925-34
Khoury, Michael N; Alsop, David C; Agnihotri, Shruti P et al. (2014) Hyperintense cortical signal on magnetic resonance imaging reflects focal leukocortical encephalitis and seizure risk in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Ann Neurol 75:659-69
Lach, Boleslaw; Connolly, Barbara; Wüthrich, Christian et al. (2014) Inflammatory infratentorial progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Neuropathology 34:39-44
Khoury, Michael N; Tan, C Sabrina; Peaslee, Marcia et al. (2013) CSF viral escape in a patient with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. J Neurovirol 19:402-5
Gheuens, Sarah; Buggy, Brian P; Tlomak, Wieslawa et al. (2013) A game of viral hide and seek: miliary PML masquerading as EBV encephalitis in an HIV+ patient. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 115:1861-3

Showing the most recent 10 out of 43 publications