This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Although too few subjects have finished the study to make any definitive evaluation of the results, preliminary analyses show that the women who were assigned to exercise training (aerobic and resistance exercisers) have physical activity levels 25% higher than at the beginning of the study whereas the group assigned to no exercise show no change in physical activity. In addition, of the women who have completed the study the aerobic trainers show a 3 kg loss of weight, the resistance trainers show a 5.1 kg gain in weight, and the no exercise group show a 8.7 kg gain in weight during the one year follow-up. These preliminary results are very suggestive that our primary hypothesis concerning exercise training, free-living physical activity, and long term weight regain are correct. In addition, we have found that aerobic training but not resistance training is accompanied by an acute (lasting approximately 24 hours) increase in resting energy expenditure after a bout of resistance training. We have also found that African American women are better at preserving fat free mass following weight loss and that resistance training has a beneficial effect on preserving fat mass in both African American and European American women. Both African American and European American women improved walking economy and bicycling economy following weight loss.
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