Beta-cell mass (BCM)and the functional state of islets are critical measures in assessing the magnitude of autoimmune destruction in type 1 diabetes. Progressive loss of BCM is also responsible for the secondary failure of currently available drugs (lack of durability) in type 2 diabetes. Serum tests such as insulin/C- peptide and others do not reliably measure BCM,and currently the only accepted gold standard of measurement is autopsy. It is generally believed that imaging could ultimately be used to a) better understand the history of the islet and the pathophysiology of diabetes, b) enable earlier diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1DM), c) allow monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and durability (including islet transplantation), and d) reveal image-able biomarkers useful in the discovery of new therapies. Unfortunately, the necessary tools to quantify BCM are still largely missing. The overall goal of this project is therefore to develop novel in vivo imaging methods and agents with specificity for p-cells, in order to non-invasively visualize the target of autoimmune attack in type 1 diabetes. This will be done using powerful library, small-molecule combinatorial and genetic approaches. In close collaboration with the Mathis and Benoist groups, we will validate the most promising agents using accepted gold standards and mouse models. Specifically, we will ask the following questions: 1) what is the in vivo behavior and the putative binding partners of the new affinity ligands ? 2) what is the correlation between imaging signal and BCM ? and 3) what are the sources of error in measurements, and how can they be reduced ? The progress to date (newfluorescent mouse models, imaging techniques such as FPT and IVM and new leads from screens to be converted into imaging agents) has been remarkable. The developed agents and strategies will be designed to be clinically translatable, and should add to our previously developed clinical data on imaging islet dysfunction.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Program Projects (P01)
Project #
5P01AI054904-10
Application #
8512643
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAI1-SV-I)
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
2013-08-01
Budget End
2014-07-31
Support Year
10
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$521,178
Indirect Cost
$67,218
Name
Harvard University
Department
Type
DUNS #
047006379
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02115
Mohan, James F; Kohler, Rainer H; Hill, Jonathan A et al. (2017) Imaging the emergence and natural progression of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E7776-E7785
Clardy, Susan M; Mohan, James F; Vinegoni, Claudio et al. (2015) Rapid, high efficiency isolation of pancreatic ß-cells. Sci Rep 5:13681
Magnuson, Angela M; Thurber, Greg M; Kohler, Rainer H et al. (2015) Population dynamics of islet-infiltrating cells in autoimmune diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:1511-6
Gaglia, Jason L; Harisinghani, Mukesh; Aganj, Iman et al. (2015) Noninvasive mapping of pancreatic inflammation in recent-onset type-1 diabetes patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:2139-44
Fu, Wenxian; Farache, Julia; Clardy, Susan M et al. (2014) Epigenetic modulation of type-1 diabetes via a dual effect on pancreatic macrophages and ? cells. Elife 3:e04631
Hedgire, Sandeep S; McDermott, Shaunagh; Wojtkiewicz, Gregory R et al. (2014) Evaluation of renal quantitative T2* changes on MRI following administration of ferumoxytol as a T2* contrast agent. Int J Nanomedicine 9:2101-7
Morton, Angela M; Sefik, Esen; Upadhyay, Rabi et al. (2014) Endoscopic photoconversion reveals unexpectedly broad leukocyte trafficking to and from the gut. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:6696-701
Dirice, Ercument; Kahraman, Sevim; Jiang, Wenyu et al. (2014) Soluble factors secreted by T cells promote ?-cell proliferation. Diabetes 63:188-202
Stangenberg, Lars; Burzyn, Dalia; Binstadt, Bryce A et al. (2014) Denervation protects limbs from inflammatory arthritis via an impact on the microvasculature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:11419-24
Clardy, Susan M; Keliher, Edmund J; Mohan, James F et al. (2014) Fluorescent exendin-4 derivatives for pancreatic ?-cell analysis. Bioconjug Chem 25:171-7

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