In mammary epithelial cells cytoplasmic lipid droplets that are formed and secreted into milk provide essential fatty acids and cholesterol for membrane synthesis and a large percentage of neonatal calories. Since the mammary gland is one of the most active lipogenic organs of the body it provides an ideal model system to understand the cellular and molecular processes involved in lipid droplet formation. The overall goal of this project is to define how lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol esters, synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, are packaged into cytoplasmic lipid droplets. The PAT family (Perilipin, Adipophilin, TIP47) of lipid droplet associated proteins and caveolins have been shown to play an essential role in the formation, stabilization and metabolism of lipid droplets in other tissues. In the mammary gland this process is developmentally coordinated and regulated by the hormones of pregnancy. We hypothesize that the endoplasmic reticulum of mammary alveolar epithelial cells undergoes structural alterations during pregnancy resulting in the formation of specific lipid droplet assembly domains that contain the enzymes of lipid synthesis as well as the proteins necessary for lipid droplet assembly.
In Specific Aim 1 we use morphological techniques to define the temporal alterations in the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum during lipid droplet formation. These changes will be correlated with expression of lipid synthetic enzymes and lipid synthesis in Specific Aim 2. The expression levels of candidate genes will be altered in Specific Aim 3 to develop a precise molecular model for the interactions of proteins involved in formation of lipid droplets. These experiments are designed to identify the structural and biochemical processes involved in formation of lipid droplets and to provide a framework for understanding the role of hormones in this process. The unique aspect of this proposal is the hypothesis that CLD form within specialized domains in the ER containing all the synthetic machinery. If this hypothesis is correct it will substantially alter our current understanding of the cell biological mechanisms involved in the initiation of CLD formation.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Program Projects (P01)
Project #
2P01HD038129-06
Application #
7018032
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZHD1-MCHG-B (NM))
Project Start
2005-07-01
Project End
2010-05-31
Budget Start
2005-07-01
Budget End
2006-05-31
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2005
Total Cost
$234,236
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Colorado Denver
Department
Type
DUNS #
041096314
City
Aurora
State
CO
Country
United States
Zip Code
80045
Rudolph, Michael C; Jackman, Matthew R; Presby, David M et al. (2018) Low Neonatal Plasma n-6/n-3 PUFA Ratios Regulate Offspring Adipogenic Potential and Condition Adult Obesity Resistance. Diabetes 67:651-661
Checkley, L Allyson; Rudolph, Michael C; Wellberg, Elizabeth A et al. (2017) Metformin Accumulation Correlates with Organic Cation Transporter 2 Protein Expression and Predicts Mammary Tumor RegressionIn Vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 10:198-207
Rudolph, M C; Young, B E; Lemas, D J et al. (2017) Early infant adipose deposition is positively associated with the n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio in human milk independent of maternal BMI. Int J Obes (Lond) 41:510-517
Baumgartner, Heidi K; Rudolph, Michael C; Ramanathan, Palaniappian et al. (2017) Developmental Expression of Claudins in the Mammary Gland. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 22:141-157
Heinz, Richard E; Rudolph, Michael C; Ramanathan, Palani et al. (2016) Constitutive expression of microRNA-150 in mammary epithelium suppresses secretory activation and impairs de novo lipogenesis. Development 143:4236-4248
Grimm, Sandra L; Hartig, Sean M; Edwards, Dean P (2016) Progesterone Receptor Signaling Mechanisms. J Mol Biol 428:3831-49
TreviƱo, Lindsey S; Bolt, Michael J; Grimm, Sandra L et al. (2016) Differential Regulation of Progesterone Receptor-Mediated Transcription by CDK2 and DNA-PK. Mol Endocrinol 30:158-72
Sladek, Celia D; Stevens, Wanida; Song, Zhilin et al. (2016) The ""metabolic sensor"" function of rat supraoptic oxytocin and vasopressin neurons is attenuated during lactation but not in diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 310:R337-45
Libby, Andrew E; Bales, Elise; Orlicky, David J et al. (2016) Perilipin-2 Deletion Impairs Hepatic Lipid Accumulation by Interfering with Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein (SREBP) Activation and Altering the Hepatic Lipidome. J Biol Chem 291:24231-24246
Rudolph, Michael C; Young, Bridget E; Jackson, Kristina Harris et al. (2016) Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition: Comparison of Novel Dried Milk Spot Versus Standard Liquid Extraction Methods. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 21:131-138

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