There is a delicate balance between pathways which promote oxidative stress and inflammation, through stressors such as angiotensin II and hypercholesterolemia, and pathways which are protective by promoting an antioxidant and antiinflammatory state. The balance/imbalance between these pathways influences susceptibility to atherosclerosis, hypertension, calcific aortic valvular stenosis, and thrombosis. The overall theme of this Program is to define endogenous mechanisms that protect against, and predispose to, cardio- vascular dysfunction and disease. The Projects in this Program will focus on several novel hypotheses. First, findings during the current funding period indicate that PPAR? dependent pathways in both endothelium and vascular smooth muscle protect against development of atherosclerosis. Studies are proposed to examine mechanisms of protection by PPAR? and to test the hypothesis that PPAR? protects against thrombosis and calcific aortic valvular stenosis. These studies are timely and clinically relevant considering the controversy about effects of thiazoledinedione drugs, which activate PPAR?. Second, the renin-angiotensin system is a key mechanism in pathophysiology of hypertension and stroke. Studies are proposed to test the hypothesis that the renin- angiotensin system contributes to cerebral vascular dysfunction, calcific aortic valvular stenosis, and thrombosis. Third, mechanisms will be studied by which PPAR? modulates rho kinase turnover and activity, and thus may contribute to altered vascular structure and vasomotor tone in hypertension. Fourth, studies are planned to test the hypothesis that a specific oxidation reaction, protein methionine oxidation, impairs anti-coagulant function of the endothelial protein thrombomodulin, and thereby contributes to the prothrombotic phenotype of atherosclerosis. The Program is tightly focused and cohesive. It consists of four projects and three cores. The investigators use sophisticated experimental approaches, including tissue-specific genetically altered mice, to clarify fundamental mechanisms. The investigators are productive, highly interactive, and the environment is outstanding. If major goals of the Program are accomplished, which is probable based on the track record and synergy of the investigators, the findings will clarify important mechanism related to cardiovascular dysfunction, and may allow translation into improved treatment of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases.

Public Health Relevance

The goal of these studies is to define fundamental mechanisms that protect against, or ultimately lead to, several cardiovascular diseases. The studies focus on molecular pathways which have direct implications for understanding mechanisms of action of drugs that are used widely in patients. The studies have direct relevance to patient care by clarifying mechanisms of drugs that are commonly used, and may potentially lead to novel approaches that will alter clinical treatment.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Program Projects (P01)
Project #
5P01HL062984-12
Application #
8301703
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZHL1-PPG-P (M1))
Program Officer
Fleg, Jerome
Project Start
2001-06-01
Project End
2016-04-30
Budget Start
2012-05-01
Budget End
2013-04-30
Support Year
12
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$1,478,089
Indirect Cost
$499,222
Name
University of Iowa
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
062761671
City
Iowa City
State
IA
Country
United States
Zip Code
52242
Doddapattar, Prakash; Jain, Manish; Dhanesha, Nirav et al. (2018) Fibronectin Containing Extra Domain A Induces Plaque Destabilization in the Innominate Artery of Aged Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 38:500-508
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Dhanesha, Nirav; Doddapattar, Prakash; Chorawala, Mehul R et al. (2017) ADAMTS13 Retards Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting Intrarenal Thrombosis in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 37:1332-1338
Chen, Zixin; Li, Yongjun; Yu, Hong et al. (2017) Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles from Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 1660:389-394
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Chu, Yi; Lund, Donald D; Doshi, Hardik et al. (2016) Fibrotic Aortic Valve Stenosis in Hypercholesterolemic/Hypertensive Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 36:466-74
Hu, Chunyan; Lu, Ko-Ting; Mukohda, Masashi et al. (2016) Interference with PPAR? in endothelium accelerates angiotensin II-induced endothelial dysfunction. Physiol Genomics 48:124-34
Gu, Sean X; Blokhin, Ilya O; Wilson, Katina M et al. (2016) Protein methionine oxidation augments reperfusion injury in acute ischemic stroke. JCI Insight 1:
Lu, Ko-Ting; Keen, Henry L; Weatherford, Eric T et al. (2016) Estrogen Receptor ? Is Required for Maintaining Baseline Renin Expression. Hypertension 67:992-9

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