This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing theresources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject andinvestigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source,and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed isfor the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator.In his letter, Dr. Duyn expresses concerns regarding thespatial specificity of our spin-echo (SE) BOLD and CBFbasedfunctional mapping signals (1) because of inherentT*2 weighting in EPI images, blood contributions to SEBOLD, and BOLD effects in CBF-based fMRI. Detailedverification or discussion of these points was beyond thescope of our article (1), since it was submitted as a Note(although published as a Communication) addressingtechnical issues of high-resolution SE BOLD and CBF fMRIin humans at 4 and 7 T where EPI confronts major diffi-culties. Consequently, our remarks on the spatial specificityof fMRI were based on animal studies at high fields(2,3). However, the issues voiced by Dr. Duyn were indeedmentioned in the original article (1), and were fully dealtwith in two articles published shortly afterwards (4,5). Ourresponses to Dr. Duyn?s three points are summarized below.
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