Superfund sites typically contain complex mixtures of pollutants including chlorinated hydrocarbons, metals, and other toxic organic and inorganic compounds. Remediation of these sites results in some exposure of the surrounding population to airborne soil dust contaminated with hazardous substances or PM emitted from the treatment devices. Our researchers have shown EPFRs are present in at least some contaminated Superfund soils and formed in high concentration during incineration and thermal treatment of hazardous substances. These PM-associated EPFRs exist for days in the atmosphere and may continually form in contaminated soils. Once inhaled, they initiate and participate in catalytic chain cycles generating ROS and persist in biological media long enough to lead to pulmonary and cardiovascular damage. Since our discovery of EPFRs associated with Superfund sites is relatively recent, little is known about their mechanisms of toxicity. The toxic responses are thought to be mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with several studies implicating the P450 system in this process. The goal of this study is to examine the roles of the P450 and HO-1 systems in the response to EPFR exposure within an organism. The hypothesis being addressed is that EPFRs associated with ultrafine particles (1) directly inhibit cytochrome P450-mediated activities, (2) decrease the expression of several P450 enzymes and increase the expression of ROS-protective enzymes (such as HO-1), and (3) alter P450-dependent ROS production. We will determine if decrease in P450 expression is the result of a ROS-mediated alteration in NFkB expression, where NFkB activation leads to decreases in P450 and increases in HO-1 expression that serve to limit oxidative damage in exposed tissues. Taken together, these studies are expected to provide novel information regarding how the P450 and HO-1 systems respond to EPFR exposure and affect EPFR-mediated toxicity.

Public Health Relevance

Significant correlations between pulmonary and cardiovascular toxicity are associated with increased levels of airborne PM. Contaminated Superfund soils and PM emissions from thermal treatment of hazardous substance are especially toxic because they contain EPFRs of aromatic chlorinated hydrocarbons capable of generating reactive oxygen species. The goal of this study is to determine how drug and pollutant metabolism is affected by EPFR exposure, and to determine the mechanism of toxicity by these substances.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Type
Hazardous Substances Basic Research Grants Program (NIEHS) (P42)
Project #
2P42ES013648-03
Application #
8097844
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZES1-SET-V (04))
Project Start
2009-08-15
Project End
Budget Start
2011-09-01
Budget End
2012-03-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$149,383
Indirect Cost
Name
Louisiana State University A&M Col Baton Rouge
Department
Type
DUNS #
075050765
City
Baton Rouge
State
LA
Country
United States
Zip Code
70803
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