. Expression of bacterial virulence genes often correlates with the exhaus- tion of nutrients, but how the signaling of nutrient availability and the resulting physiological responses are co- ordinated is unclear. Until this gap in knowledge is closed, metabolically diverse bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus will continue to cause perilous hospital-acquired infections. The applicant's long-term goal is to lead an independent academic research group studying how bacteria integrate and respond to information provided by intracellular metabolites (the metabolome) to reconfigure metabolism to adapt to environmental changes and cause disease. The objective of this project is to augment existing genetic and biochemical expertise with high- throughput global techniques to analyze gene expression, intracellular metabolites and flux, and, in doing so, titrate the activity of the global regulator CodY and deduce its regulatory hierarchy in S. aureus. At the heart of this project is the hypothesis that fluctuations in the intracellular pools of branched-chain amino acids and GTP result in a spectrum of CodY activities that produce a graded response to nutrient limitation, culminating in metabolic adaptation and the development of virulence. This hypothesis is based on preliminary studies that identified the true intracellular metabolites that control CodY activity in living cells and revealed hierarchical or- ganization for three genes. The rationale for this project is that comprehensive knowledge of the co-regulation of metabolism and virulence is essential if we are to understand the physiological origins of bacterial patho- genesis. During the mentored (K99) phase at Tufts University School of Medicine, massively parallel sequenc- ing, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and chemostat cultivation will be mastered to map intersecting metabolic and virulence gene expression patterns in S. aureus, while gaining critical scholarly training needed to launch a successful independent academic career with guidance from a mentoring committee composed of experts in bacterial physiology, biochemistry and systems biology. Mastering the cultivation and genetic ma- nipulation of pathogenic S. aureus along with high-throughput methods will enable efforts during the R00 phase to quantify changes in the S. aureus CodY regulon upon induction of physiological stress response sys- tems. The approach is innovative, because continuous bacterial cultures mimic nutrient-limiting bacterial nich- es in the human body and the experiments will place virulence gene expression in the context of the normal behavior of S. aureus under the nutrient-limiting conditions of the host. Furthermore, correlations between global metabolite pools and CodY activity will provide a previously unattainable linkage of the transcriptome to the metabolome. The project is significant because it will increase our understanding of how the genetic pro- grams of metabolic adaptation and virulence gene expression are interrelated and interdependent. A more thorough understanding of these connections may also offer potentially novel therapeutic strategies. The Pathway to Independence Award will provide the time and resources needed to achieve these goals.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research is relevant to public health because understanding how bacteria connect metabolism and disease-causing processes may reveal new ways to prevent the switch from harmless to harmful lifestyles that lead to potentially life-threatening infections. The research and career development proposed in this Pathway to Independence award application will unravel cellular mechanisms underlying bacterial disease while providing a stepping stone to an independent academic career - objectives that align with the mission of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Transition Award (R00)
Project #
5R00GM099893-03
Application #
8737911
Study Section
No Study Section (in-house review) (NSS)
Program Officer
Reddy, Michael K
Project Start
2012-09-01
Project End
2016-08-31
Budget Start
2014-09-01
Budget End
2015-08-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Georgetown University
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
Washington
State
DC
Country
United States
Zip Code
20057
King, Alyssa N; Borkar, Samiksha; Samuels, David J et al. (2018) Guanine limitation results in CodY-dependent and -independent alteration of Staphylococcus aureus physiology and gene expression. J Bacteriol :
Mlynek, Kevin D; Sause, William E; Moormeier, Derek E et al. (2018) Nutritional Regulation of the Sae Two-Component System by CodY in Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol 200:
Samuels, David J; Wang, Zhe; Rhee, Kyu Y et al. (2017) A Tandem Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-based Approach for Metabolite Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus. J Vis Exp :
Waters, Nicholas R; Samuels, David J; Behera, Ranjan K et al. (2016) A spectrum of CodY activities drives metabolic reorganization and virulence gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Microbiol 101:495-514
Sassi, Mohamed; Sharma, Deepak; Brinsmade, Shaun R et al. (2015) Genome Sequence of the Clinical Isolate Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Strain UAMS-1. Genome Announc 3:
Belitsky, Boris R; Brinsmade, Shaun R; Sonenshein, Abraham L (2015) Intermediate Levels of Bacillus subtilis CodY Activity Are Required for Derepression of the Branched-Chain Amino Acid Permease, BraB. PLoS Genet 11:e1005600
Brinsmade, Shaun R; Alexander, Elizabeth L; Livny, Jonathan et al. (2014) Hierarchical expression of genes controlled by the Bacillus subtilis global regulatory protein CodY. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:8227-32