This is a competitive renewal application for the recently completed parent R01 (AA015069: CBT Treatment for Anxiety Disorder in Comorbid Alcoholics). Up to half of patients in treatment for an alcohol use disorder (AUD) have a co-occurring anxiety disorder and these patients relapse to drinking at twice the rate of other patients. To address this, the parent R01 evaluated a CBT-based program that combined three sessions of trans-diagnostic anxiety reduction therapy with three sessions designed to de-couple the cognitive and behavioral bonds linking anxiety to alcohol use (e.g., expectancies, coping drinking motives, conditioned associations). In a randomized trial with over 300 cases, the parent R01 showed that adding this CBT to a residential community-based AUD treatment significantly improved four-month alcohol outcomes (e.g., 41% relapsed) compared to adding a stress reduction control treatment (53% relapsed) and compared to a matched, non-randomized cohort undergoing the AUD treatment alone (61% relapsed). While this confirmed the primary study hypotheses in the parent R01, it must be acknowledged that the effects were not large and that the CBT alleviated only about half of the increased relapse risk associated with co- occurring anxiety disorders. Fortunately, the results of the parent R01 also point the way to modifications that are likely to significantly increase the therapeutic effect of the CBT. Specifically, the pattern of findings in the parent R01 indicates that the de-coupling therapy, rather than the anxiety reduction therapy, caused the improved alcohol outcomes. This suggests that further emphasizing the de-coupling therapy elements would increase the CBT's overall effectiveness; however, the importance of anxiety reduction for improving alcohol outcomes in these patients remains ambiguous. For example, the three sessions devoted to anxiety reduction may have been insufficient to affect alcohol outcomes in the parent R01. Alternatively, anxiety reduction therapy may be needed to work synergistically with de-coupling therapy to improve alcohol outcomes. The renewal work would use a dismantling approach to isolate the separate and interactive effects of these therapy components at two dose levels toward the goal of increasing the effectiveness of the validated but still sub-optimally performing parent R01 version of the CBT. 350 AUD patients with an anxiety disorder would be randomized to groups receiving either: 1) six sessions of CBT for anxiety reduction (CBT- AR); 2) six sessions of CBT for anxiety-alcohol de-coupling (CBT-DC); or, 3) the original CBT with its three anxiety reduction sessions and three de-coupling sessions (CBT-O). Based on the parent R01 findings indicating that the de-coupling components are the active ingredients of the CBT therapy, we predict that the best alcohol outcomes will be obtained in the CBT-DC group (six DC sessions) followed by the CBT-O (three DC sessions) further followed by the CBT-AR (zero DC sessions). This design would also indicate synergy effects between the AR and DC CBT components if the CBT-O out-performs the other two groups.

Public Health Relevance

Up to half of patients being treated for an alcohol use disorder (AUD) have a co-occurring anxiety disorder and this patient group relapses to drinking at about twice the rate of other AUD treatment patients. In this project, we extend our recently completed work showing that a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can eliminate about half of the increase in risk for relapse caused by co-occurring anxiety disorder. The work proposed here aims to increase the effectiveness of the CBT by pin-pointing the optimal dose and balance of its two treatment components, anxiety reduction and anxiety-alcohol 'de-coupling.' The broad goal of this work is to establish a CBT treatment capable of completely eliminating the increased in risk for drinking relapse caused by co- occurring anxiety disorder

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AA015069-09
Application #
9303851
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAA1)
Program Officer
Roach, Deidra
Project Start
2014-04-01
Project End
2019-06-30
Budget Start
2017-07-01
Budget End
2018-06-30
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Department
Psychiatry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
555917996
City
Minneapolis
State
MN
Country
United States
Zip Code
55455
Anker, Justin J; Forbes, Miriam K; Almquist, Zack W et al. (2017) A network approach to modeling comorbid internalizing and alcohol use disorders. J Abnorm Psychol 126:325-339
Anker, J J; Kushner, M G; Thuras, P et al. (2016) Drinking to cope with negative emotions moderates alcohol use disorder treatment response in patients with co-occurring anxiety disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 159:93-100
Kushner, M G; Krueger, R F; Wall, M M et al. (2013) Modeling and treating internalizing psychopathology in a clinical trial: a latent variable structural equation modeling approach. Psychol Med 43:1611-23
Kushner, Matt G; Maurer, Eric W; Thuras, Paul et al. (2013) Hybrid cognitive behavioral therapy versus relaxation training for co-occurring anxiety and alcohol disorder: a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 81:429-42
Book, Sarah W; Thomas, Suzanne E; Smith, Joshua P et al. (2013) Treating individuals with social anxiety disorder and at-risk drinking: phasing in a brief alcohol intervention following paroxetine. J Anxiety Disord 27:252-8
Kushner, Matt G; Wall, Melanie M; Krueger, Robert F et al. (2012) Alcohol dependence is related to overall internalizing psychopathology load rather than to particular internalizing disorders: evidence from a national sample. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 36:325-31
Hobbs, Jennifer D J; Kushner, Matt G; Lee, Susanne S et al. (2011) Meta-analysis of supplemental treatment for depressive and anxiety disorders in patients being treated for alcohol dependence. Am J Addict 20:319-29
Kushner, Matt G; Maurer, Eric; Menary, Kyle et al. (2011) Vulnerability to the rapid (""telescoped"") development of alcohol dependence in individuals with anxiety disorder. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 72:1019-27
Menary, Kyle R; Kushner, Matt G; Maurer, Eric et al. (2011) The prevalence and clinical implications of self-medication among individuals with anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord 25:335-9
Kushner, Matt G; Sletten, Sandra; Donahue, Christopher et al. (2009) Cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder in patients being treated for alcohol dependence: Moderating effects of alcohol outcome expectancies. Addict Behav 34:554-60

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