? ? Many human diseases, such as Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's, and normal physiological states, such as aging, are strongly influenced by exposure to environmental stress. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which environmental stressors are detected and discriminated from one another in animals. The long term objective of this work is to utilize functional genomic approaches in the nematode C. elegans to define fundamental environmental stress sensing and signaling mechanisms. Such studies will more precisely define the role of the environment in human health and disease and help to define the modes of action of numerous toxic substances. The specific hypothesis to be tested in this proposal is that compartment specific protein damage constitutes a feedback inhibition mechanism for discrimination between different forms of environmental stress. This hypothesis is based on the observations that 1) knockdown of protein homeostasis (PH) genes that normally prevent the accumulation of some forms of protein damage activates osmosensitive gene expression 2) Knockdown of PH genes that activate osmosensitive gene expression accelerates protein aggregation 3) Protein damage induced by heat and oxidative stress does not activate osmosensitive gene expression.
The specific aims of this proposal are: 1) Define the PH genes that are transcriptionally regulated by environmental stressors. We will examine the spatial and temporal, and functional involvement of PH genes in response to environmental stress using i) comparative whole genome microarray analysis of heat, oxidative, and osmotically induced gene expression in wild type and transcription factor mutant animals ii) in vivo localization of GFP tagged PH genes during exposure to environmental stress iii) stress survival assays in transgenic animals overexpressing PH targets. 2) Test the role of protein misfolding as an activator of stress induced gene expression. Protein damage will be genetically induced using RNAi knockdown of specific PH complexes. The effects of each gene knockdown on the activation of heat, oxidative, and osmotic stress signaling pathways will be quantified by i) in vivo high throughput fluorescence measurements of animals expressing stress-specific GFP reporters ii) epistasis analysis using stress sensing transcription factor mutants iii) whole animal survival assays in PH knockdown animals. ? ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AA017580-02
Application #
7502578
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZES1-LWJ-E (CG))
Program Officer
Gao, Peter
Project Start
2007-09-30
Project End
2011-05-31
Budget Start
2008-06-01
Budget End
2009-05-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2008
Total Cost
$374,063
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pennsylvania
Department
Physiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
042250712
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19104
Morton, Elizabeth A; Lamitina, Todd (2013) Caenorhabditis elegans HSF-1 is an essential nuclear protein that forms stress granule-like structures following heat shock. Aging Cell 12:112-20
Lamitina, Todd; Chevet, Eric (2012) To UPRýýý and beyond! A new role for a BiP/GRP78 protein in the control of antimicrobial peptide expression in C. elegans epidermis. Virulence 3:238-40
Shen, X N; Sznitman, J; Krajacic, P et al. (2012) Undulatory locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegans on wet surfaces. Biophys J 102:2772-81
He, Liping; Skirkanich, Jennifer; Moronetti, Lorenza et al. (2012) The cystic-fibrosis-associated ?F508 mutation confers post-transcriptional destabilization on the C. elegans ABC transporter PGP-3. Dis Model Mech 5:930-9
Moronetti Mazzeo, Lorenza E; Dersh, Devin; Boccitto, Marco et al. (2012) Stress and aging induce distinct polyQ protein aggregation states. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:10587-92
Krajacic, Predrag; Shen, Xiaoning; Purohit, Prashant K et al. (2012) Biomechanical profiling of Caenorhabditis elegans motility. Genetics 191:1015-21
Li, Fan; Zheng, Qi; Ryvkin, Paul et al. (2012) Global analysis of RNA secondary structure in two metazoans. Cell Rep 1:69-82
Boccitto, Marco; Lamitina, Todd; Kalb, Robert G (2012) Daf-2 signaling modifies mutant SOD1 toxicity in C. elegans. PLoS One 7:e33494
Lee, Sang Do; Choi, Soo Youn; Lim, Sun Woo et al. (2011) TonEBP stimulates multiple cellular pathways for adaptation to hypertonic stress: organic osmolyte-dependent and -independent pathways. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 300:F707-15
Rohlfing, Anne-Katrin; Miteva, Yana; Moronetti, Lorenza et al. (2011) The Caenorhabditis elegans mucin-like protein OSM-8 negatively regulates osmosensitive physiology via the transmembrane protein PTR-23. PLoS Genet 7:e1001267

Showing the most recent 10 out of 15 publications