Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Tobacco and/or alcohol are involved in approximately 75% of all human squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). The overall survival rate for human SCCHN (approximately 50% in five years) has not changed very much in recent decades, so there is an urgent need for new approaches for SCCHN treatment. We have developed a novel carcinogen induced murine oral cavity and esophageal carcinogenesis model. We will use this 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4-NQO) carcinogenesis model to measure the effects of alcohol (ethanol) on the incidence of oral cavity carcinogenesis and on epigenetic changes. We will test our hypothesis that alcohol may contribute to carcinogenesis in epithelial stem/progenitor cells of the basal layer of the tongue by promoting epigenetic changes, such as histone modifications or greater DNA methylation at CpG cytosines, which leads to gene silencing. A corollary of our hypothesis is that ethanol leads to aberrant epigenetic changes because ethanol lowers the levels of retinoic acid (RA) in cells via inhibition of RA production from retinol, and we've shown that RA is a signaling molecule which has a major role in initiating epigenetic changes during stem cell differentiation.
The specific aims of the application are: (1) to measure the effects of alcohol on the incidence of oral cavity cancer in our murine oral cavity carcinogenesis model, and to assess the expression of molecular markers such as cyclin D1;RAR22;p16;SFRP 1,2,4, and 5;and nanog in normal epithelial stem/progenitor cells versus """"""""cancer stem/progenitor cells"""""""" from the tumors by immunohistochemistry;(2) to assess epigenetic changes in epithelial cells in the basal layer of oral cavity tissues, such as the tongue, during 4-NQO carcinogenesis, with and without subsequent alcohol administration. We will purify both normal cells from the basal layer of the tongue and cells with properties of cancer stem/progenitor cells by FACS and measure epigenetic markers by the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and the ChIP-Chip techniques;and (3) to determine if drugs that inhibit specific epigenetic modifications influence the incidence of oral cavity cancer and/ or influence the epigenetics of basal layer stem/progenitor cells during the carcinogenesis process in the presence of alcohol, again primarily using ChIP and ChIP-Chip approaches. These proposed experiments will provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms by which alcohol influences carcinogenesis. They will also test the importance of epigenetic changes in stem/progenitor cells in the development of SCCHNs and explore the mechanisms by which drugs that modify epigenetic changes act therapeutically. The proposed experiments will help to establish the roles of stem/progenitor cells in the epithelium during the oral cavity carcinogenesis process. We will gain valuable information about how the epigenome of stem/progenitor cells is influenced by carcinogens, alcohol, and drugs, such as zebularine and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, which have been shown both to inhibit DNA methyltransferases and to reduce tumor incidence in other carcinogenesis models. )

Public Health Relevance

Human oral cavity cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, with a poor long-term survival rate. The proposed research will focus on the mechanisms by which alcohol increases the incidence of oral cavity cancer.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AA018332-03
Application #
8266555
Study Section
Cancer Etiology Study Section (CE)
Program Officer
Orosz, Andras
Project Start
2010-08-10
Project End
2015-04-30
Budget Start
2012-05-01
Budget End
2013-04-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$450,588
Indirect Cost
$183,968
Name
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
060217502
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10065
Tang, Xiao-Han; Urvalek, Alison M; Osei-Sarfo, Kwame et al. (2015) Gene expression profiling signatures for the diagnosis and prevention of oral cavity carcinogenesis-genome-wide analysis using RNA-seq technology. Oncotarget 6:24424-35
Urvalek, Alison M; Osei-Sarfo, Kwame; Tang, Xiao-Han et al. (2015) Identification of Ethanol and 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide Induced Epigenetic and Oxidative Stress Markers During Oral Cavity Carcinogenesis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 39:1360-72
Osei-Sarfo, Kwame; Urvalek, Alison M; Tang, Xiao-Han et al. (2015) Initiation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a murine 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and alcohol carcinogenesis model. Oncotarget 6:6040-52
Urvalek, Alison; Laursen, Kristian Bruun; Gudas, Lorraine J (2014) The roles of retinoic acid and retinoic acid receptors in inducing epigenetic changes. Subcell Biochem 70:129-49
Osei-Sarfo, Kwame; Gudas, Lorraine J (2014) Retinoic acid suppresses the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in embryonic stem cells and activates the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway. Stem Cells 32:2061-71
Tang, Xiao-Han; Osei-Sarfo, Kwame; Urvalek, Alison M et al. (2014) Combination of bexarotene and the retinoid CD1530 reduces murine oral-cavity carcinogenesis induced by the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:8907-12
Urvalek, Alison M; Gudas, Lorraine J (2014) Retinoic acid and histone deacetylases regulate epigenetic changes in embryonic stem cells. J Biol Chem 289:19519-30
Osei-Sarfo, Kwame; Tang, Xiao-Han; Urvalek, Alison M et al. (2013) The molecular features of tongue epithelium treated with the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and alcohol as a model for HNSCC. Carcinogenesis 34:2673-81
Gudas, Lorraine J (2012) Emerging roles for retinoids in regeneration and differentiation in normal and disease states. Biochim Biophys Acta 1821:213-21