Autophagy is a genetically programmed, evolutionarily conserved process that degrades long-lived cellular proteins and damaged organelles, including mitochondria, as a critical cell survival mechanism in response to stress. We recently reported that ethanol induces autophagy, which reduces ethanol-induced liver injury (Ding et al., 2010a). This is an important finding because alcohol abuse is a major cause of liver disease and a major health problem in the United States. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage play important roles in alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. Cells may protect themselves by removing damaged mitochondria by mechanisms such as autophagy. Therefore modulating the autophagy process could offer new therapeutic treatments for alcoholic liver diseases. However, the mechanisms by which ethanol induces autophagy and how autophagy protects against ethanol-induced liver pathogenesis are not clear. Without such understanding, the potential to ultimately use autophagy in the treatment of alcohol-related liver disease will be limited. Our preliminary studies suggest that the forkhead transcription factor FoxO3a could play a major role in ethanol- induced autophagy. Therefore, the central hypothesis is that ethanol induces autophagy by activating FoxO3a, and autophagic removal of ethanol-induced damaged mitochondria is crucial to protect against ethanol- induced liver pathogenesis. To examine our hypothesis, three specific aims are proposed: 1) determine the mechanisms by which ethanol activates FoxO3a in hepatocytes, 2) determine how ethanol-activated FoxO3a induces autophagy in hepatocytes, and 3) determine the mechanisms by which removal of damaged mitochondria protects against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. The research proposed in this application is innovative in the concept that ethanol can activate autophagy as a protective mechanism against its known detrimental effects on the liver. Moreover, we will utilize novel genetic animal models such as GFP-LC3 transgenic and Atg5 liver-specific knockout mice to specifically study the role of autophagy in alcohol-induced liver injury. Furthermore, it focuses on the role of FoxO3a-mediated autophagy pathway in alcoholic liver disease, which has not been studied. The proposed research is significant because the results from this study will lead to the understanding of mechanisms and roles of autophagy in alcohol-induced liver pathogenesis. Ultimately, such knowledge has the potential of offering novel therapeutic approaches for treating alcoholic liver pathogenesis by modulating autophagy.

Public Health Relevance

Alcohol abuse and consumption are major causes of liver disease and is a major health problem in the United States and around the world. Autophagy has been shown to be able to regulate mitochondria homeostasis and cell death, which are important in alcoholic liver disease. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of how autophagy, mitochondria homeostasis and cell death are integrated in alcoholic liver disease will help to generate novel therapeutic strategies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01AA020518-01
Application #
8161101
Study Section
Hepatobiliary Pathophysiology Study Section (HBPP)
Program Officer
Gao, Peter
Project Start
2011-08-01
Project End
2016-07-31
Budget Start
2011-08-01
Budget End
2012-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$337,500
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Kansas
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
016060860
City
Kansas City
State
KS
Country
United States
Zip Code
66160
Chen, Dongshi; Ni, Hong-Min; Wang, Lei et al. (2018) PUMA induction mediates acetaminophen-induced necrosis and liver injury. Hepatology :
Williams, Jessica A; Ding, Wen-Xing (2018) Mechanisms, pathophysiological roles and methods for analyzing mitophagy - recent insights. Biol Chem 399:147-178
Qian, Hui; Chao, Xiaojuan; Ding, Wen-Xing (2018) A PINK1-mediated mitophagy pathway decides the fate of tumors-to be benign or malignant? Autophagy 14:563-566
Chao, Xiaojuan; Wang, Shaogui; Zhao, Katrina et al. (2018) Impaired TFEB-Mediated Lysosome Biogenesis and Autophagy Promote Chronic Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury and Steatosis in Mice. Gastroenterology 155:865-879.e12
Chao, Xiaojuan; Wang, Hua; Jaeschke, Hartmut et al. (2018) Role and mechanisms of autophagy in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Liver Int 38:1363-1374
Wang, Shaogui; Ding, Wen-Xing (2018) Does Autophagy Promote or Protect Against the Pathogenesis of Pancreatitis? Gastroenterology 155:1273-1274
Wang, Yifeng; Ding, Wen-Xing; Li, Tiangang (2018) Cholesterol and bile acid-mediated regulation of autophagy in fatty liver diseases and atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 1863:726-733
Wang, Shaogui; Wang, Hua; Ding, Wen-Xing (2018) Pyroptosis, A novel player for alcoholic hepatitis? Hepatology 67:1660-1662
Yang, Xiao; Wang, Hua; Ni, Hong-Min et al. (2017) Inhibition of Drp1 protects against senecionine-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in primary hepatocytes and in mice. Redox Biol 12:264-273
Li, Yuan; Ding, Wen-Xing (2017) Does Genetic Loss of Immunoglobulin A Have No Impact on Alcoholic Liver Disease? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 41:20-22

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