Wnts are secreted growth factors that specify cell fate during embryogenesis and renewal of tissues in the adult. Inappropriate activation of the pathway is associated with a number of cancers. Wnts bind to two co- receptors: 7-transmembrane helix receptors called Frizzled proteins (Frz), and single pass transmembrane receptors called LDL-receptor related proteins 5 and 6 (Lrp5/6). Activation of Lrp5 or Lrp6 leads to phosphorylation of its intracellular domain and transmission of the Wnt signal. Wnt-Frz-Lrp5/6 interactions are modulated by various activators and inhibitors, including the vertebrate Dickkopf (Dkk) proteins. In this proposal, biochemical, structural, and biophysical analyses are used to define the mechanism and specificity of Lrp5/6 interactions with Wnt pathway activators and inhibitors. The results will provide a mechanistic underpinning for future efforts to modulate Wnt signaling therapeutically. 1. To define how Dkk1 modulates the conformation of Lrp6 to render it inactive in Wnt signaling, crystal structures of human Dkk1 bound different portions of Lrp6 will be determined, and the energetics of these interactions will be determined accurately by calorimetry. 2. The activated state of Lrp6 will be investigated by determining structures of Lrp6 bound to activators, including a recently described monoclonal antibody, and by determining energetic contributions of different regions of Lrp6 to these interactions. 3. Mutations of Lrp6 residues identified as important Dkk1 interaction residues by structure-based mutagenesis will be tested for binding to purified Wnt3a, in order to map out the Wnt3a binding surface on Lrp6. Structural studies will be performed on Drosophila WntD to define surfaces in the homologous classical Wnts important for receptor binding.

Public Health Relevance

Wnt proteins are secreted growth factors that are essential for the differentiation of stem cells. This proposal aims to understand how Wnts interact with their receptors on the cell surface. The molecular information from these studies could provide a foundation for rational, efficient development of therapeutic agents to control inappropriate Wnt signaling in a number of cancers.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AG039420-05
Application #
8823708
Study Section
Intercellular Interactions Study Section (ICI)
Program Officer
Macchiarini, Francesca
Project Start
2011-04-01
Project End
2016-03-31
Budget Start
2015-04-15
Budget End
2016-03-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Stanford University
Department
Biology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
009214214
City
Stanford
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94304
Stamos, Jennifer L; Chu, Matthew Ling-Hon; Enos, Michael D et al. (2014) Structural basis of GSK-3 inhibition by N-terminal phosphorylation and by the Wnt receptor LRP6. Elife 3:e01998
Dhamdhere, Girija R; Fang, Mark Y; Jiang, Jie et al. (2014) Drugging a stem cell compartment using Wnt3a protein as a therapeutic. PLoS One 9:e83650
Stamos, Jennifer L; Weis, William I (2013) The ?-catenin destruction complex. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 5:a007898
Chu, Matthew Ling-Hon; Ahn, Victoria E; Choi, Hee-Jung et al. (2013) structural Studies of Wnts and identification of an LRP6 binding site. Structure 21:1235-42
Ahn, Victoria E; Chu, Matthew Ling-Hon; Choi, Hee-Jung et al. (2011) Structural basis of Wnt signaling inhibition by Dickkopf binding to LRP5/6. Dev Cell 21:862-73