Understanding how and why social inequalities in longevity exist is a major public health priority, requiring integrative theory testing with a view toward translation into useful clinical tools. This application emerges directly from New and Early Stage Investigator Ben Chapman's K08 research program, and is responsive to NIA priorities (PA-11-124, RFA-AG-11-004, PA-09-216, NIA Workgroup on Personality and Healthy Aging) and to calls for action issued by the Institute of Medicine (Committee Report on Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment) and Cochrane Diagnosis Group (Statement on 10 Steps to Improving Prognostic Models). We have assembled a consortium of 18 studies spanning roughly 11,000 midlife and older adults, called Project Peril (Personality Epidemiologic Research on Inequalities in Longevity). Studies will be harmonized and linked to the National Death Index (NDI), providing follow- up data over a Mean(SD) = 12(4) year period.
In Aim 1, we will use Project PERIL data to test hypotheses derived from the Social Structure and Personality (SSP) model of longevity. The SSP model proposes that the social structure contributes and individual socio-emotional and behavioral dispositions captured by Big 5 personality phenotype are interwoven. Dispositional tendencies that play an adaptive role in negotiating socioeconomic disadvantage may also compromise health over the lifespan, leading to earlier mortality. Thus, social and personality determinants of longevity may be coupled to an unknown degree. Understanding this sociostructural-psychological interface can inform public health programs and policy aimed at reducing social inequalities.
In Aim 2, we test the hypothesis of cumulative disadvantage, which suggests that personality-SES mortality risk not only increase with age, but become increasingly coupled with age. As well, potential mechanisms of these risks are studied.
Aim 3 leverages Aim 1 and 2 findings to develop clinical prognostic models--valid, pragmatic, and actionable prediction models of mortality risk. Prognostic models have grown in popularity with the advent of personalized medicine, and yield individualized, data- driven risk estimates for health outcomes based on a person's specific risk factor profile. Thus far, prognostic models have incorporated strictly biomedical risk factors, despite the actuarial predictive power of SES and personality.
Aim 3 therefore focuses on """"""""putting the person in personalized medicine"""""""" by developing improved prognostic models for 10-year mortality risk using data on SES and personality phenotype, both alone and in conjunction with standard chronic disease components of the Charlson Comorbidity Index, a popular prognostic model for mortality. Integrative Data Analysis (IDA) will be used to harness the data consortium's power and breadth, via multilevel structural equation models (Aims 1 and 2) and parametric survival models (Aim 3). The Project PERIL team includes experts in social epidemiology, personality and longevity, IDA, NDI linkage, prognostic models development, and prognostic model use in general medical practice. Project PERIL lays the foundation for a future implementation trial of new prognostic models informed by social circumstances and personality in general medical practice. Finally, Project PERIL provides an infrastructure for future US longevity research.

Public Health Relevance

This project will help us better understand why some people live longer than others based on education, income, and everyday tendencies in thoughts, behavior, and feelings. The findings can help us learn how to improve medical care by giving health care professionals information on who their patients are as a person. Based on this, health care providers and patients can better understand their health risk over the next decade and take action.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AG042582-02
Application #
8690731
Study Section
Social Psychology, Personality and Interpersonal Processes Study Section (SPIP)
Program Officer
Nielsen, Lisbeth
Project Start
2013-07-01
Project End
2018-06-30
Budget Start
2014-07-01
Budget End
2015-06-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Rochester
Department
Psychiatry
Type
School of Medicine & Dentistry
DUNS #
City
Rochester
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
14627
Elliot, Ari J; Turiano, Nicholas A; Infurna, Frank J et al. (2018) Lifetime trauma, perceived control, and all-cause mortality: Results from the Midlife in the United States Study. Health Psychol 37:262-270
Sörensen, Silvia; Chapman, Benjamin P; Duberstein, Paul R et al. (2017) Assessing future care preparation in late life: Two short measures. Psychol Assess 29:1480-1495
Chapman, Benjamin P; Goldberg, Lewis R (2017) Act-Frequency Signatures of the Big Five. Pers Individ Dif 116:201-205
Chapman, Benjamin P; Benedict, Ralph H; Lin, Feng et al. (2017) Personality and Performance in Specific Neurocognitive Domains Among Older Persons. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 25:900-908
Chapman, Benjamin P (2017) Implications of Differential Associations of Neuroticism Facets with Cognitive Function in Late-Life Depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 25:230-232
Elliot, Ari J; Turiano, Nicholas A; Chapman, Benjamin P (2017) Socioeconomic Status Interacts with Conscientiousness and Neuroticism to Predict Circulating Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers. Ann Behav Med 51:240-250
Chapman, Benjamin P; Weiss, Alexander; Duberstein, Paul R (2016) Statistical learning theory for high dimensional prediction: Application to criterion-keyed scale development. Psychol Methods 21:603-620
Hoerger, Michael; Chapman, Benjamin P; Mohile, Supriya G et al. (2016) Development and psychometric evaluation of the Decisional Engagement Scale (DES-10): A patient-reported psychosocial survey for quality cancer care. Psychol Assess 28:1087-100
Roy, Shumita; Ficarro, Stephanie; Duberstein, Paul et al. (2016) Executive Function and Personality Predict Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Alzheimer Disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 24:1074-1083
Cheng, Helen; Deighton, Jessica; Wolpert, Miranda et al. (2016) Hay fever in childhood, traits Neuroticism and Conscientiousness as independent predictors of the occurrence of hay fever in adulthood. J Health Psychol 21:2367-75

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