The loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with advancing age reduces quality of life and is a major factor limiting an elderly person's chance of living independently. Progressive resistance exercise training (PRT) is the most effective intervention identified to increase muscular strength and combat muscle atrophy of aging;however, overall the muscle response to PRT is blunted and highly variable in the elderly. Our research team has determined that the abundance of anti-inflammatory, alternatively activated M2 macrophages in muscle predicts response to PRT in the elderly;those with the highest number of M2 macrophages and lowest inflammatory gene expression prior to the start of training gained the most mass. Further, reexamination of muscle biopsies obtained in a study on insulin resistance showed that metformin treatment increased M2 macrophage abundance, and decreased inflammatory cytokine gene expression. These provocative findings have led us to our central hypothesis that adjuvant metformin may improve the responses to PRT in the elderly by altering the muscle tissue inflammatory environment, thereby enhancing mechanisms that drive PRT-induced myofiber hypertrophy.
In Aim 1, we will determine if metformin treatment augments skeletal muscle size and strength gains in conjunction with PRT in older, functionally limited adults. Participants will be recruited and randomized to receive either placebo or metformin for 2 weeks followed by a 14 week PRT program with continued drug/placebo treatment. Gains in muscle size and strength will be quantified.
In Aim 2, we will identify cellula and molecular responses in muscle to metformin which are associated with improved response to PRT. Muscle macrophages, inflammatory gene expression and anabolic and inflammatory signaling pathways will be examined in muscle biopsies. Finally, mechanisms underlying metformin effects on muscle response to training, using a human muscle cell culture system modeling exercise and the muscle microenvironment, will be explored in Aim 3. Prospective identification of individuals likely to be refractory to routine exercise programs, and determining the effectiveness of metformin in improving muscle growth response to PRT, may contribute to the development of an affordable, personalized approach to maintain or restore skeletal muscle mass and strength, thereby promoting longer healthspan.

Public Health Relevance

Resistance exercise training is the most effective intervention identified to combat loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with advancing age;however, the response to exercise is blunted and highly variable in the elderly. Prospective identification of individuals likely to be refractory to routine exercise programs, and determining the effectiveness of metformin in improving the muscle growth response may contribute to the development of a low cost, personalized approach to prevent frailty in the elderly.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01AG046920-01A1
Application #
8720322
Study Section
Aging Systems and Geriatrics Study Section (ASG)
Program Officer
Dutta, Chhanda
Project Start
2014-09-30
Project End
2019-05-31
Budget Start
2014-09-30
Budget End
2015-05-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Kentucky
Department
Type
Sch Allied Health Professions
DUNS #
City
Lexington
State
KY
Country
United States
Zip Code
40506
Kelly, Neil A; Hammond, Kelley G; Stec, Michael J et al. (2018) Quantification and characterization of grouped type I myofibers in human aging. Muscle Nerve 57:E52-E59
Kosmac, Kate; Peck, Bailey D; Walton, R Grace et al. (2018) Immunohistochemical Identification of Human Skeletal Muscle Macrophages. Bio Protoc 8: