Dysregulated T cells are a major contributor to SLE pathogenesis, and their targeting is an important focus for therapeutic intervention. In the NZM2410 mouse model of lupus, we have determined that the Sle1 locus drives the production of anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANA). Within Sle1, we have identified two loci, Sle1a1 and Sle1c2, which independently induce the production of activated chromatin-specific CD4+ T cells that provide help to ANA secreting B cells. Importantly, we have demonstrated that Sle1a1 and Sle1c2 each significantly enhance ANA production and immune activation either in in vivo models of lupus pathogenesis. During the last cycle of funding, we have functionally characterized these two loci and we have identified by genetic mapping and candidate gene analysis Pbx1 and Esrrg as the respective genes responsible for Sle1a1 and Sle1c2 phenotypes. The NZM2410 allele of Pbx1 is a novel splice isoform, Pbx1-d, which is expressed at a higher frequency in the CD4+ T cells from SLE patients than healthy controls (HC). Pbx1-d functions as a dominant negative and impairs CD4+ T cell responses to TGF? and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), processes recently recognized to play a pivotal role in T cell effector functions. Esrrg regulates oxidative metabolism and its expression is significantly reduced in NZM2410 CD4+ T cells. Metabolic substrate utilization has been identified very recently as another defining mechanism of T cell functions. We hypothesize that Pbx1 and Esrrg contributes to lupus by each regulating CD4+ T cell effector functions through novel mechanisms. The goal of this proposal is to test this hypothesis in the mouse and assess our findings in lupus patients. To achieve this goal, we propose three specific aims, the first two in the mouse, and the third with lupus patients.
Aim 1. To determine the mechanisms by Pbx1-d induce autoreactive CD4+ T cells. We will A) identify the genes differentially targeted by Pbx1 and Pbx1-d by ChIP-Seq analysis in Jurkat T cells with ChIP-PCR validation in primary CD4+ T cells;B) determine how Pbx1-d affects chromatin structure, TGF? and ATRA responses in vitro;and C) validate that Pbx1-d affects CD4 T cell effector function in vivo.
Aim 2. To determine the mechanisms by which Esrrg regulates CD4+ T cells and contributes to lupus. We will A) assess the effect of Esrrg deficiency on T cell functions and lupus;B) characterize the mechanisms by which Esrrg regulates T cell metabolism by combining techniques to analyze metabolism parameters, mitochondrial function, and gene expression;and C) test the hypothesis that Esrrg regulates T cell functions through metabolism. .
Aim 3. To determine how PBX1-d or ESRRG expression affect CD4+ T cell functions in SLE patients. A) We will determine the mechanisms by which PBX1-d expression affect CD4+ T cells by comparing immune gene expression in sorted na?ve, memory, CD25+ Tregs and CD25- Tregs obtained from SLE patients and healthy controls (HC) partitioned on Pbx1-d expression. Functional validation will be conducted T cells in basal conditions as well as after activation or polarization with TGF? and ATRA;B). We will compare metabolic substrate utilization between SLE and HCs CD4+ T cells and determine whether it correlate with Esrrg expression level, effector functions and gene expression. We expect these results to delineate two novel regulatory pathways of T cell effector functions, to provide novel biomarkers for autoreactive T cells as well as identify lupus therapeutic targets.

Public Health Relevance

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease with no known cure and in need of better treatments to curb morbidity. Murine models of lupus are crucial to understand the pathophysiology of this complex disease based on genetic susceptibility. This project proposes to characterize the mechanisms by which two murine genes, Pbx1 and Esrrg, that we have identified during the previous cycle of funding contribute to lupus pathogenesis and to assess the results we have obtained in the mouse in lupus patients. Each of these genes regulates the function of T cells, which represent key players in the disease process, through novel mechanisms that have been recently identified in these immune cells, but not in lupus.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01AI045050-14
Application #
8506219
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-IMM-G (02))
Program Officer
Johnson, David R
Project Start
1999-06-01
Project End
2018-04-30
Budget Start
2013-05-01
Budget End
2014-04-30
Support Year
14
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$329,873
Indirect Cost
$106,445
Name
University of Florida
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
969663814
City
Gainesville
State
FL
Country
United States
Zip Code
32611
Choi, Seung-Chul; Titov, Anton A; Abboud, Georges et al. (2018) Inhibition of glucose metabolism selectively targets autoreactive follicular helper T cells. Nat Commun 9:4369
Choi, Seung-Chul; Xu, Zhiwei; Li, Wei et al. (2018) Relative Contributions of B Cells and Dendritic Cells from Lupus-Prone Mice to CD4+ T Cell Polarization. J Immunol 200:3087-3099
Li, Wei; Titov, Anton A; Morel, Laurence (2017) An update on lupus animal models. Curr Opin Rheumatol 29:434-441
Niu, Yuxin; Sengupta, Mayami; Titov, Anton A et al. (2017) The PBX1 lupus susceptibility gene regulates CD44 expression. Mol Immunol 85:148-154
Yin, Yiming; Choi, Seung-Chul; Xu, Zhiwei et al. (2016) Glucose Oxidation Is Critical for CD4+ T Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Immunol 196:80-90
Li, Wei; Sivakumar, Ramya; Titov, Anton A et al. (2016) Metabolic Factors that Contribute to Lupus Pathogenesis. Crit Rev Immunol 36:75-98
Choi, Seung-Chul; Hutchinson, Tarun E; Titov, Anton A et al. (2016) The Lupus Susceptibility Gene Pbx1 Regulates the Balance between Follicular Helper T Cell and Regulatory T Cell Differentiation. J Immunol 197:458-69
Lu, Shun; Zeumer, Leilani; Sorensen, Heather et al. (2015) The murine Pbx1-d lupus susceptibility allele accelerates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and impairs their immunosuppressive function. J Immunol 194:43-55
Xu, Zhiwei; Morel, Laurence (2015) Contribution of B-1a cells to systemic lupus erythematosus in the NZM2410 mouse model. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1362:215-23
Yin, Yiming; Choi, Seung-Chul; Xu, Zhiwei et al. (2015) Normalization of CD4+ T cell metabolism reverses lupus. Sci Transl Med 7:274ra18

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