The objective of this proposal is to identify cellular proteases and viral determinants of proteolysis that regulate reovirus cell entry and to understand how these factors impact pathogenesis.
In Aim 1, we will identify proteases that mediate productive reovirus uncoating. We will focus on those that are likely to be physiologically relevant, including serine proteases present in the respiratory tract, and cathepsin S, which is expressed by macrophages.
In Aim 2, we will use genetic and biochemical approaches to identify sequences within capsid protein sigma 3 that regulate cell entry. We will select and characterize viral mutants with expanded protease-sensitivity, and we will use particles recoated with recombinant sigma 3 to identify determinants of protease susceptibility and cell entry.
In Aim 3, we will use mouse infection models to investigate the role that specific intracellular and extracellular proteases play in regulating reovirus tropism, spread and disease. We will compare virions and uncoated particles to determine whether the requirementfor sigma 3 proteolysis represents a barrier to reovirus infection in the respiratory tract. Using knockout mice, we will ask whether the cathepsins L and S, which are determinants of infection in cell culture, also play critical roles in vivo.We will also investigate the importance of the serine proteases cathepsin G and elastase for infection at extraintestinal sites. Our studies of the molecular determinants of reovirus cell entry will provide fundamental information concerning the biology of non-enveloped viruses. They will positively impact human health by facilitating the safe and effective use of reovirusesas oncolytic agents to treat human tumors.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI045990-10
Application #
7741220
Study Section
Virology - B Study Section (VIRB)
Program Officer
Cassetti, Cristina
Project Start
1999-08-01
Project End
2011-11-30
Budget Start
2009-12-01
Budget End
2011-11-30
Support Year
10
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$301,009
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
555917996
City
Minneapolis
State
MN
Country
United States
Zip Code
55455
Nygaard, Rachel M; Lahti, Linse; Boehme, Karl W et al. (2013) Genetic determinants of reovirus pathogenesis in a murine model of respiratory infection. J Virol 87:9279-89
Schulz, Wade L; Haj, Amelia K; Schiff, Leslie A (2012) Reovirus uses multiple endocytic pathways for cell entry. J Virol 86:12665-75
Nygaard, Rachel M; Golden, Joseph W; Schiff, Leslie A (2012) Impact of host proteases on reovirus infection in the respiratory tract. J Virol 86:1238-43
Alain, Tommy; Kim, Tom Sy; Lun, Xueqing et al. (2007) Proteolytic disassembly is a critical determinant for reovirus oncolysis. Mol Ther 15:1512-21
Goodman, Alan G; Smith, Jennifer A; Balachandran, Siddharth et al. (2007) The cellular protein P58IPK regulates influenza virus mRNA translation and replication through a PKR-mediated mechanism. J Virol 81:2221-30
Smith, Jennifer A; Schmechel, Stephen C; Raghavan, Arvind et al. (2006) Reovirus induces and benefits from an integrated cellular stress response. J Virol 80:2019-33
Smith, Jennifer A; Schmechel, Stephen C; Williams, Bryan R G et al. (2005) Involvement of the interferon-regulated antiviral proteins PKR and RNase L in reovirus-induced shutoff of cellular translation. J Virol 79:2240-50
Nibert, Max L; Odegard, Amy L; Agosto, Melina A et al. (2005) Putative autocleavage of reovirus mu1 protein in concert with outer-capsid disassembly and activation for membrane permeabilization. J Mol Biol 345:461-74
Golden, Joseph W; Bahe, Jessica A; Lucas, William T et al. (2004) Cathepsin S supports acid-independent infection by some reoviruses. J Biol Chem 279:8547-57
Golden, Joseph W; Linke, Jessica; Schmechel, Stephen et al. (2002) Addition of exogenous protease facilitates reovirus infection in many restrictive cells. J Virol 76:7430-43

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