Genetic linkage mapping of Anopheles gambiae pedigrees in Africa identified a small Plasmodium- Resistance Island (PRI) of the genome that controls most of the natural genetic variation for mosquito resistance to Plasmodium falciparum infection. The PRI occupies -15 megabase pairs on chromosome 2L. Pedigree analysis was an efficient method for initial discovery of resistance loci, but pedigrees do not contain enough recombinational information to genetically identify the actual causative gene(s) among the 1,000 genes within the resistance island. In contrast, the method of genetic association takes advantage of historic recombination in the natural population to dissect a locus to the single-gene level. Here we propose a genetic association study to identify the underlying specific genes that control resistance and susceptibility of A. gambiae to P. falciparum in nature, with the following Aims.
Aim 1, we will construct an association panel by rearing wild-caught A. gambiae larvae in the insectary, and challenging them with P. falciparum from the blood of naturally-infected volunteers.
Aim 2, we will carry out an indirect association study to narrow the target interval controlling resistance, using as neutral markers microsatellites and single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
Aim 3, we will carry out a direct association study by resequencing part or all of the narrowed candidate region ascertained in Aim 2, to detect the genes that underlie control of mosquito resistance and susceptibility to malaria parasites in nature. The resulting information will allow specific discrimination of the genetically susceptible fraction of the mosquito population. The previous pedigree linkage study indicated that efficient mechanisms of genetic resistance are widespread in the vector population, and suggested that actual malaria transmission is carried out by a discrete subset of genetically susceptible mosquitoes. We propose that it may be possible to develop a novel form of malaria control based on specifically targeting the susceptibles to reduce their frequency in the vector population. ? ? Relevance: It may be possible to develop new strategies for malaria control focusing on the mosquito vector. Knowledge of the genetic mechanisms that affect transmission of malaria by vector mosquitoes would aid in the development of such vector-based control strategies. ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01AI073685-01
Application #
7245415
Study Section
Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section (GVE)
Program Officer
Costero, Adriana
Project Start
2007-05-15
Project End
2012-04-30
Budget Start
2007-05-15
Budget End
2008-04-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2007
Total Cost
$553,701
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
555917996
City
Minneapolis
State
MN
Country
United States
Zip Code
55455
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Mitri, Christian; Bischoff, Emmanuel; Takashima, Eizo et al. (2015) An Evolution-Based Screen for Genetic Differentiation between Anopheles Sister Taxa Enriches for Detection of Functional Immune Factors. PLoS Pathog 11:e1005306
Mitri, Christian; Markianos, Kyriacos; Guelbeogo, Wamdaogo M et al. (2015) The kdr-bearing haplotype and susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum in Anopheles gambiae: genetic correlation and functional testing. Malar J 14:391
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Gneme, Awa; Guelbeogo, Wamdaogo M; Riehle, Michelle M et al. (2013) Equivalent susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae M and S molecular forms and Anopheles arabiensis to Plasmodium falciparum infection in Burkina Faso. Malar J 12:204
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Holm, Inge; Lavazec, Catherine; Garnier, Thierry et al. (2012) Diverged alleles of the Anopheles gambiae leucine-rich repeat gene APL1A display distinct protective profiles against Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS One 7:e52684
Crawford, Jacob E; Bischoff, Emmanuel; Garnier, Thierry et al. (2012) Evidence for population-specific positive selection on immune genes of Anopheles gambiae. G3 (Bethesda) 2:1505-19
Mitri, Christian; Vernick, Kenneth D (2012) Anopheles gambiae pathogen susceptibility: the intersection of genetics, immunity and ecology. Curr Opin Microbiol 15:285-91

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