When cells die in vivo and undergo necrosis they invariably stimulate an inflammatory response. This causes considerable collateral damage to adjacent healthy tissue and is thought to underlie the pathogenesis of a number of acute and chronic diseases. A number of other particulate stimuli (urate, silica, asbestos, iron oxide, etc.) also stimulate sterile inflammation that leads to disease. The overall goal of this grant is to elucidate the mechanisms by which dead cells and other sterile particulates stimulate inflammation.
In Aim 1 we will define the cellular surveillance mechanisms in vivo that sense cell death and other irritant particulate stimuli and in response trigger an acute inflammatory response. The hypothesis underlying this Aim is that cells of the innate immune system function as sentinels that monitor tissues for these stimuli and upon detecting them produce IL-1 that then drives the acute inflammatory response. The goal of this aim is to test this hypothesis and to define the key cell types involved in this process. We will also test the role of these mechanisms in causing tissue damage and disease.
Our second Aim seeks to elucidate the cell biological and molecular pathways through which dead cells and sterile particulates stimulate innate immune cells to produce IL-1. Our underlying hypotheses are that: (i) These particulate stimuli must be internalized into phagosomes of macrophages;(ii) After internalization the key event that leads to macrophage activation is rupture of some phagosomes;(iii) The resulting release of activated phagosomal contents into the cytosol is sensed by the NOD-like receptor NLRP3;and (v) Cathepsins are the key mediators released from phagosomes that activate NLRP3 to induce IL-1 production. The goal of this Aim is to test these hypotheses. The importance of these hypotheses is that they offer a new and testable paradigm, which if correct will reveal a common unifying pathway and identify tractable molecular targets for therapeutic intervention.

Public Health Relevance

This proposal seeks to elucidate how dying cells and irritant particulates stimulate sterile inflammation. This is an important issue because this inflammatory response underlies the development of a number of diseases. The information gained by the proposed studies may lead to new treatments to block the inflammatory response and thereby prevent or treat diseases.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01AI078287-01A2
Application #
7735698
Study Section
Innate Immunity and Inflammation Study Section (III)
Program Officer
Minnicozzi, Michael
Project Start
2009-06-15
Project End
2014-05-31
Budget Start
2009-06-15
Budget End
2010-05-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$409,896
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
603847393
City
Worcester
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
01655
Orlowski, Gregory M; Sharma, Shruti; Colbert, Jeff D et al. (2017) Frontline Science: Multiple cathepsins promote inflammasome-independent, particle-induced cell death during NLRP3-dependent IL-1? activation. J Leukoc Biol 102:7-17
Orlowski, Gregory M; Colbert, Jeff D; Sharma, Shruti et al. (2016) Correction: Multiple Cathepsins Promote Pro-IL-1? Synthesis and NLRP3-Mediated IL-1? Activation. J Immunol 196:503
Kataoka, Hiroshi; Yang, Ke; Rock, Kenneth L (2015) The xanthine oxidase inhibitor Febuxostat reduces tissue uric acid content and inhibits injury-induced inflammation in the liver and lung. Eur J Pharmacol 746:174-9
Orlowski, Gregory M; Colbert, Jeff D; Sharma, Shruti et al. (2015) Multiple Cathepsins Promote Pro-IL-1? Synthesis and NLRP3-Mediated IL-1? Activation. J Immunol 195:1685-97
Karmarkar, Dipti; Rock, Kenneth L (2013) Microbiota signalling through MyD88 is necessary for a systemic neutrophilic inflammatory response. Immunology 140:483-92
Rock, Kenneth L; Kataoka, Hiroshi; Lai, Jiann-Jyh (2013) Uric acid as a danger signal in gout and its comorbidities. Nat Rev Rheumatol 9:13-23
Kono, Hajime; Orlowski, Gregory M; Patel, Zubin et al. (2012) The IL-1-dependent sterile inflammatory response has a substantial caspase-1-independent component that requires cathepsin C. J Immunol 189:3734-40
Janko, Matthew; Ontiveros, Fernando; Fitzgerald, T J et al. (2012) IL-1 generated subsequent to radiation-induced tissue injury contributes to the pathogenesis of radiodermatitis. Radiat Res 178:166-72
Rock, Kenneth L; Lai, Jiann-Jyh; Kono, Hajime (2011) Innate and adaptive immune responses to cell death. Immunol Rev 243:191-205
Rock, Kenneth L; Latz, Eicke; Ontiveros, Fernando et al. (2010) The sterile inflammatory response. Annu Rev Immunol 28:321-42

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