It has become apparent that microRNAs (miRs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, are important regulators of cellular systems. We have found that certain miRs are profoundly important to the development and function of the immune system, coupling with transcription factors to provide precise control. The focus of this proposal is on understanding the roles of two particular miRs, miR-146a and miR-125b, in orchestrating immunity, with an emphasis on understanding why either deletion or overproduction of these miRs causes leukemia. The broad goal of this proposed research is to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which miR-146a and miR-125b orchestrate blood cell formation, immune function, and cancer occurrence. Previously, we generated miR-146a-/- mice and found that they become depleted of hematopoietic stem cells and develop chronic inflammation with an overproduction of myeloid cells leading to frank myeloid leukemia. We found that another cell type, lymphocytes, contribute importantly to the development of myeloid proliferative disease and hematopoietic stem cell abnormalities in miR-146a-/- mice. We will now discover what type of lymphocyte is important to this process. We will also identify the pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by the lymphocytes to cause these disorders and the molecular pathways involved in leukemia induction. Additionally, we will test the hypothesis that multiple miRNAs function cooperatively to regulate immune cell development and function. In this regard, our focus will be on the cooperativity between miR-146a and miR-155, as well as miR-146a and miR-125b. In addition to miR-146a, we previously found that miR-125b is an effector of immunity by augmenting macrophage function, inhibiting B cell development, and impairing T cell function. In contrast to miR-146a, constitutive over-expression of miR-125b rapidly induces aggressive myeloid leukemia through a cell intrinsic process not requiring lymphocytes. Later, B cell cancers also develop in miR-125b over-expressing mice, likely through the occurrence of secondary genetic mutations within these cells. In our proposed research, we will determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which miR-125b inhibits B cell development and impairs T cell function. We will also identify genetic cancer 'driver' mutations and dysregulated signal pathways in miR-125b-induced leukemic cells and determine which of these abnormalities induces tumors. Over the next five years, we hope to generate some principles of the regulation of immune cell development and functions by focusing on miR-146a and miR-125b. A better understanding of the control exerted by miRNAs on the immune system will potentially open up new therapeutic avenues for treating immunologic diseases and cancer. The expression of miR-146a and miR-125b is often dysregulated in human leukemia, linking our research directly to public health needs.

Public Health Relevance

This research proposal is aimed at studying the molecular mechanisms that lead to chronic inflammation and the development of leukemia. Recent studies with mouse models and human clinical specimens have provided strong evidence that small nucleic acid molecules, called microRNAs, play important functions in our immune system and contribute to development of many diseases, including chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancers. Studies described in this proposal will examine questions of how microRNAs tip the balance between normal blood cell development and the disease state, and provide potential protein and microRNA targets to design therapies against chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and leukemia.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI079243-08
Application #
8974245
Study Section
Innate Immunity and Inflammation Study Section (III)
Program Officer
Palker, Thomas J
Project Start
2008-05-15
Project End
2018-11-30
Budget Start
2015-12-01
Budget End
2016-11-30
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
California Institute of Technology
Department
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
009584210
City
Pasadena
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
91125
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Mann, Mati; Mehta, Arnav; Zhao, Jimmy L et al. (2017) An NF-?B-microRNA regulatory network tunes macrophage inflammatory responses. Nat Commun 8:851
Mehta, Arnav; Baltimore, David (2016) MicroRNAs as regulatory elements in immune system logic. Nat Rev Immunol 16:279-94
Jiang, Shuai; Baltimore, David (2016) RNA-binding protein Lin28 in cancer and immunity. Cancer Lett 375:108-113
Mehta, Arnav; Mann, Mati; Zhao, Jimmy L et al. (2015) The microRNA-212/132 cluster regulates B cell development by targeting Sox4. J Exp Med 212:1679-92
Zhao, Jimmy L; Baltimore, David (2015) Regulation of stress-induced hematopoiesis. Curr Opin Hematol 22:286-92
Mehta, Arnav; Zhao, Jimmy L; Sinha, Nikita et al. (2015) The MicroRNA-132 and MicroRNA-212 Cluster Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance and Survival with Age by Buffering FOXO3 Expression. Immunity 42:1021-32
Zhao, Jimmy L; Ma, Chao; O'Connell, Ryan M et al. (2014) Conversion of danger signals into cytokine signals by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells for regulation of stress-induced hematopoiesis. Cell Stem Cell 14:445-459
Okoye, Isobel S; Czieso, Stephanie; Ktistaki, Eleni et al. (2014) Transcriptomics identified a critical role for Th2 cell-intrinsic miR-155 in mediating allergy and antihelminth immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:E3081-90
So, Alex Yick-Lun; Sookram, Reeshelle; Chaudhuri, Aadel A et al. (2014) Dual mechanisms by which miR-125b represses IRF4 to induce myeloid and B-cell leukemias. Blood 124:1502-12

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