The objective of this project is to develop and evaluate novel anti-HIV gene therapy strategies for AIDS in a clinically relevant macaque SHIV (simian human immunodeficiency viruses) model. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection, but the emergence of resistant viral variants, toxicity, and compliance issues are significant obstacles in controlling AIDS. Additionally, recent promising vaccine trials have failed to protect from HIV, emphasizing the importance of developing alternative therapies. One such alternative therapy is the genetic modification of hematopoietic cells to make them resistant to HIV infection or to at least inhibit HIV replication. Here we will explore two main strategies to accomplish the genetic modification. We will evaluate novel lenti and foamy virus vectors and we will study targeted gene insertion to interfere with CCR5 expression. Another key aspect of our proposal is the use of a clinically relevant nonhuman primate AIDS model. We have recently shown that both vector systems allow for efficient gene transfer to HSCs in nonhuman primates, and we have preliminary data of zinc finger mediated CCR5 disruption in macaque cells. Based on these findings we propose 4 aims.
In aim 1 we will study combinatorial transgene cassettes that inhibit HIV replication. We will study these cassettes in lentivirus and foamy virus vectors to determine the safety of these vectors systems first in NOD/SCID mice and then in the nonhuman primate setting. These studies will also allow us to determine whether foamy virus vectors can overcome the adverse effect on vector titers with lentivirus vectors for some transgene cassettes. The anti-HIV vectors we propose to test contain MGMT transgenes to allow in vivo selection post-transplantation. These studies will allow us to compare gene marking, engraftment and in vivo selection with these two promising vector systems.
In aim 2 we will establish conditions for efficient in vivo selection of gene-modified cells and explore means to reduce the potential for enhancer activation by integrated vector proviruses.
In aim 3 we will challenge monkeys that have high marking levels to determine if our gene therapy approach can protect from SHIV infection in vivo.
In aim 4 we will develop methods to introduce anti-HIV genes at a defined chromosomal locus using targeted gene insertion in order to avoid the potential for vector-mediated leukemogenesis. This approach has the added advantage that knockout of CCR5 and insertion of an anti-HIV transgene should both increase the resistance of gene-modified cells to SHIV infection. SHIVs contain several HIV genes including tat, rev and env that we will target to inhibit viral replication in our macaque-SHIV model. The proposed studies will allow us to test the gene therapy approach in a highly relevant monkey model and to develop methods for efficient and safe delivery of therapeutic transgenes to HSCs and to T cells. Since the vectors we have developed contain anti-HIV transgenes that function both in the SHIV monkey model and for HIV infection in humans, the proposed studies should thus also provide critical efficacy and safety data for promising vectors for future clinical trials.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research will evaluate the efficacy and safety of novel gene therapy strategies for the treatment of AIDS using a highly clinically relevant monkey model. If successful the proposed studies will lead to novel approaches to protect individuals from AIDS using stem cell gene therapy.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI080326-03
Application #
8121505
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-AARR-D (02))
Program Officer
Voulgaropoulou, Frosso
Project Start
2009-09-30
Project End
2013-08-31
Budget Start
2011-09-01
Budget End
2012-08-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$551,896
Indirect Cost
Name
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
078200995
City
Seattle
State
WA
Country
United States
Zip Code
98109
Adair, Jennifer E; Kubek, Sara P; Kiem, Hans-Peter (2017) Hematopoietic Stem Cell Approaches to Cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 31:897-912
Peterson, Christopher W; Wang, Jianbin; Norman, Krystin K et al. (2016) Long-term multilineage engraftment of autologous genome-edited hematopoietic stem cells in nonhuman primates. Blood 127:2416-26
Romano Ibarra, Guillermo S; Paul, Biswajit; Sather, Blythe D et al. (2016) Efficient Modification of the CCR5 Locus in Primary Human T Cells With megaTAL Nuclease Establishes HIV-1 Resistance. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 5:e352
Adair, Jennifer E; Waters, Timothy; Haworth, Kevin G et al. (2016) Semi-automated closed system manufacturing of lentivirus gene-modified haematopoietic stem cells for gene therapy. Nat Commun 7:13173
Peterson, Christopher W; Haworth, Kevin G; Burke, Bryan P et al. (2016) Multilineage polyclonal engraftment of Cal-1 gene-modified cells and in vivo selection after SHIV infection in a nonhuman primate model of AIDS. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 3:16007
Younan, P M; Polacino, P; Kowalski, J P et al. (2015) Combinatorial hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and vaccination reduces viral pathogenesis following SHIV89.6P-challenge. Gene Ther 22:1007-12
Younan, Patrick M; Peterson, Christopher W; Polacino, Patricia et al. (2015) Lentivirus-mediated Gene Transfer in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Is Impaired in SHIV-infected, ART-treated Nonhuman Primates. Mol Ther 23:943-951
Peterson, Christopher W; Haworth, Kevin G; Polacino, Patricia et al. (2015) Lack of viral control and development of combination antiretroviral therapy escape mutations in macaques after bone marrow transplantation. AIDS 29:1597-606
Adair, Jennifer E; Johnston, Sandra K; Mrugala, Maciej M et al. (2014) Gene therapy enhances chemotherapy tolerance and efficacy in glioblastoma patients. J Clin Invest 124:4082-92
Cannon, Paula M; Kohn, Donald B; Kiem, Hans-Peter (2014) HIV eradication--from Berlin to Boston. Nat Biotechnol 32:315-6

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