Miniature swine provide a unique preclinical model for studies of transplantation biology, including the recent availability of a highly inbred strain, in which successful transplantation of tissues and organs can be achieved without the need for immunosuppression. Previous studies using this model have demonstrated the importance of a functional, juvenile thymus for the induction of tolerance by a short course of high-dose immunosuppression with calcineurin inhibitors. In addition, we have recently shown that transplantation of an aged, involuted thymus as a vascularized thymic lobe (VTL) graft into a matched, juvenile, thymectomized host leads to both structural and functional rejuvenation of the thymus, implying that host factors extrinsic to the thymus are capable of reversing thymic involution. The major objective of this proposal is to identify cellular and humoral host elements responsible for rejuvenation, determine their relative roles in this process, and use this information to test the hypothesis that rejuvenation of an aged thymus will allow tolerance to be induced in adult animals by the same, simple metodology that has been effective for juvenile animals. Specifically, we will 1) establish baseline assays for thymic involution and rejuvenation using the vascularized thymic lobe transplantation model and determine the importance of the host environment for inducing and maintaining the juvenile thymic state;2) determine the importance of selected recipient cell populations in thymic rejuvenation;3) determine the importance of selected hormones and cytokines of the recipient in thymic rejuvenation;and 4) examine the ability of the most promising cellular and/or molecular components identified in these experiments to reverse structural thymic aging and thereby permit tolerance to be induced in adult animals. In addition to the theoretical implications of a better understanding of the role of factors extrinsic to the thymus in determining thymic involution and rejuvenation, these studies could have practical implications for the induction of transplantation tolerance in adults.

Public Health Relevance

Studies in a large animal model have demonstrated: 1) that a juvenile thymus is required for the induction of tolerance to vascularized renal allografts by a short course of immunosuppressive drugs;and 2) that the aged thymus can be restored to its juvenile state by transplantation into a young recipient, indicating that factors outside of the thymus are responsible for this rejuvenation. This proposal is directed toward determining what these factors are so that they may be used to rejuvenate the thymus of adult animals and thereby render them susceptible to tolerance induction by the same simple treatment regimen that is effective in juveniles. .

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI086134-03
Application #
8206651
Study Section
Transplantation, Tolerance, and Tumor Immunology (TTT)
Program Officer
Prabhudas, Mercy R
Project Start
2010-01-15
Project End
2014-12-31
Budget Start
2012-01-01
Budget End
2012-12-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$422,591
Indirect Cost
$175,091
Name
Massachusetts General Hospital
Department
Type
DUNS #
073130411
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02199
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Yamada, Kazuhiko; Sykes, Megan; Sachs, David H (2017) Tolerance in xenotransplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 22:522-528
Tasaki, M; Villani, V; Shimizu, A et al. (2016) Role of Bone Marrow Maturity, Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor, and Forkhead Box Protein N1 in Thymic Involution and Rejuvenation. Am J Transplant 16:2877-2891
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Yamada, K; Hirakata, A; Tchipashvili, V et al. (2011) Composite islet-kidneys from single baboon donors cure diabetes across fully allogenic barriers. Am J Transplant 11:2603-12
Tena, Aseda; Vallabhajosyula, Prashanth; Hawley, Robert J et al. (2011) Quantification of baboon thymopoiesis in porcine thymokidney xenografts by the signal-joining T-cell receptor excision circle assay. Transplantation 91:639-44
Sachs, David H; Sykes, Megan; Kawai, Tatsuo et al. (2011) Immuno-intervention for the induction of transplantation tolerance through mixed chimerism. Semin Immunol 23:165-73
Vallabhajosyula, Prashanth; Tena, Aseda; Yamada, Kazuhiko et al. (2011) Signal joint T-cell receptor excision circle assay in miniature swine. Transplantation 92:634-40

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