Trypanosoma brucei species inflict health hazards and economic hardship on arguably the most marginalized populations in the world. Some of the best-studied Excavata, trypanosomes also represent important models in many areas of research, including antigenic variation, host-pathogen interaction, developmental reprogramming and mitochondrial biology. This project will elucidate mechanisms by which macromolecular RNA editing substrate binding complex (RESC) stabilizes and delivers mitochondrial pre-mRNAs and guide RNAs into the U-insertion/deletion editing pathway, and coordinates polyadenylation and translation of edited mRNAs. We establish the RESC platform as the RNA binding constituent of the editing holoenzyme and seek to investigate its role in editing reactions, and functions beyond the RNA editing process. To this end, we demonstrate that RESC-associated MERS1 pyrophosphohydrolase and KPAP1 poly(A) polymerase target pre-mRNA 5? and 3? ends, respectively. Importantly, both 5? pyrophosphate removal and 3? A-tailing appear to be critical for pre-mRNA stabilization prior to editing. Conversely, specific module within RESC is suggested to couple the completion of editing with post-editing 3? A/U-tailing and mRNA binding to the ribosome. Collectively, the existing evidence positions the ~25 polypeptide RESC complex as the multimodal nexus of mitochondrial RNA processing. Furthermore, initial investigation of RESC-associated MERS1 complex, RNA polymerase (MTRNAP), and the 3? processome (MPsome) challenges the long-standing model of multicistronic maxicircle transcription and endonucleolytic partitioning of primary transcripts. The proposed experiments will deepen understanding of RNA editing by determining the RESC structure at near-atomic resolution and RNA binding specificities of individual subunits. We will test a broad functional hypothesis that discrete RESC modules coordinate completion of mRNA editing with 3? modification and translational activation. Finally, we put forward a fundamentally novel concept of monocistronic pre-mRNAs that are transcribed from individual promoters and shaped by 5? modification and antisense RNA-controlled 3?-5? degradation. By elucidating the RESC structure, RNA binding properties, and higher-order interactions, and evaluating the paradigm-shifting ?monocistronic hypothesis,? this program will expand the knowledge of critical parasite-specific processes and may provide new drug targets.

Public Health Relevance

The goal of this project is to understand the mechanisms by which RNA editing substrate binding complex (RESC) orchestrates processing of mitochondrial transcripts in Trypanosoma brucei, a parasite responsible for devastating tropical diseases. Because these processes are unique to Trypanosomatids and required for the parasite's survival, the proposed studies will significantly expand the fundamental knowledge of essential molecular mechanisms in a medically and economically significant pathogen.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI101057-08
Application #
9523365
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Mcgugan, Glen C
Project Start
2012-05-10
Project End
2022-06-30
Budget Start
2018-07-01
Budget End
2019-06-30
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Boston University
Department
Dentistry
Type
Schools of Dentistry/Oral Hygn
DUNS #
604483045
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
Sement, François M; Suematsu, Takuma; Zhang, Liye et al. (2018) Transcription initiation defines kinetoplast RNA boundaries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:E10323-E10332
Zhang, Liye; Sement, Francois M; Suematsu, Takuma et al. (2017) PPR polyadenylation factor defines mitochondrial mRNA identity and stability in trypanosomes. EMBO J 36:2435-2454
Aphasizheva, Inna; Maslov, Dmitri A; Qian, Yu et al. (2016) Ribosome-associated pentatricopeptide repeat proteins function as translational activators in mitochondria of trypanosomes. Mol Microbiol 99:1043-58
Aphasizheva, Inna; Aphasizhev, Ruslan (2016) U-Insertion/Deletion mRNA-Editing Holoenzyme: Definition in Sight. Trends Parasitol 32:144-156
Suematsu, Takuma; Zhang, Liye; Aphasizheva, Inna et al. (2016) Antisense Transcripts Delimit Exonucleolytic Activity of the Mitochondrial 3' Processome to Generate Guide RNAs. Mol Cell 61:364-378
Aphasizheva, Inna; Zhang, Liye; Aphasizhev, Ruslan (2016) Investigating RNA editing factors from trypanosome mitochondria. Methods 107:23-33
Rajappa-Titu, Lional; Suematsu, Takuma; Munoz-Tello, Paola et al. (2016) RNA Editing TUTase 1: structural foundation of substrate recognition, complex interactions and drug targeting. Nucleic Acids Res 44:10862-10878
Wong, Richard G; Kazane, Katelynn; Maslov, Dmitri A et al. (2015) U-insertion/deletion RNA editing multiprotein complexes and mitochondrial ribosomes in Leishmania tarentolae are located in antipodal nodes adjacent to the kinetoplast DNA. Mitochondrion 25:76-86
Aphasizheva, Inna; Zhang, Liye; Wang, Xiaorong et al. (2014) RNA binding and core complexes constitute the U-insertion/deletion editosome. Mol Cell Biol 34:4329-42
Aphasizhev, Ruslan; Aphasizheva, Inna (2014) Mitochondrial RNA editing in trypanosomes: small RNAs in control. Biochimie 100:125-31

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