Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), defined as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) resistant to the two first-line drugs isoniazid and rifampin, has emerged as a major threat to global TB control. The situation is particularly acute in China, which is one of 27 high-burden MDR-TB countries. In >95% of clinical MDR-TB isolates, rifampin resistance is mediated by mutations in a relatively short segment of the rpoB gene, which encodes the molecular target of rifampin. Although laboratory-derived mutants with a variety of different rpoB gene mutations show slower growth under nutrient-rich conditions, Mtb clinical strains isolated from individuals with TB who developed rifampin resistance during treatment show normal growth compared to their rifampin-susceptible counterparts, despite harboring the same mutation as some of the laboratory-derived strains. Recently, we have found evidence that a known lipid virulence factor, phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM), accumulates in the cell wall of rifampin-resistant TB organisms. Studies using laboratory-generated double mutant strains revealed that PDIM is required for the normal survival of rifampin-resistant strains in activated mouse macrophages. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that the induction of pathways involved in biosynthesis and transport of cell wall-associated lipid virulence factors is a compensatory metabolic adaptation, which serves to enhance the virulence of rifampin-resistant clinical isolates in the infected host. This proposal represents a unique collaboration between investigators at Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in Shanghai, China and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, U.S.A. Using a multidisciplinary approach, including the use of a novel mouse model, which develops TB lung lesions resembling their human counterparts, in combination with transcriptional, lipidomic, genetic, and imaging techniques, we will investigate whether PDIM accumulation compensates for the fitness cost associated with Mtb rpoB mutation during host infection. Our data are expected to yield novel drug targets, with the ultimate goal of shortening the duration of MDR-TB treatment in China and worldwide.

Public Health Relevance

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), which cannot be treated with the standard first-line drugs isoniazid and rifampin, has emerged as a major threat to TB control in China and worldwide. In this proposal, we plan to use several innovative techniques to study the role of phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM) accumulation in the virulence of rifampin-resistant TB under conditions intended to simulate the environment encountered by these organisms in the infected human host. Our data are expected to yield novel drug targets, with the goal of shortening the duration of MDR-TB treatment.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01AI106613-01
Application #
8547236
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAI1-BDP-M (M1))
Program Officer
Jacobs, Gail G
Project Start
2013-08-19
Project End
2016-07-31
Budget Start
2013-08-19
Budget End
2014-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$199,999
Indirect Cost
$76,543
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21218
Xu, Zhihong; Zhou, Aiping; Wu, Jiawei et al. (2018) Transcriptional Approach for Decoding the Mechanism of rpoC Compensatory Mutations for the Fitness Cost in Rifampicin-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 9:2895
Rifat, Dalin; Campodónico, Victoria L; Tao, Jing et al. (2017) In vitro and in vivo fitness costs associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis RpoB mutation H526D. Future Microbiol 12:753-765
Lanzas, Fedora; Ioerger, Thomas R; Shah, Harita et al. (2016) First Evaluation of GenoType MTBDRplus 2.0 Performed Directly on Respiratory Specimens in Central America. J Clin Microbiol 54:2498-502
Zhou, Aiping; Ni, Jinjing; Xu, Zhihong et al. (2015) Metabolomics specificity of tuberculosis plasma revealed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 95:294-302
Xu, Zhihong; Zhou, Aiping; Ni, Jinjing et al. (2015) Differential expression of miRNAs and their relation to active tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 95:395-403
Dutta, Noton K; Karakousis, Petros C (2014) Thioridazine for treatment of tuberculosis: promises and pitfalls. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 94:708-11
Kana, Bavesh Davandra; Karakousis, Petros C; Parish, Tanya et al. (2014) Future target-based drug discovery for tuberculosis? Tuberculosis (Edinb) 94:551-6