Interferon (IFN) plays a central role in host intrinsic immunity to viral infection, the underlying mechanism of which remains poorly defined. Towards this goal, we have recently shown that interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins profoundly inhibit the membrane fusion and infection of a number of enveloped viruses, including HIV-1. Interestingly, we found that, while human IFITM2 and IFITM3 impede HIV- 1 (BH10) entry, human IFITM1 impairs viral infectivity. Notably, the prolonged culture of BH10 HIV-1 led to the emergence of mutations in HIV-1 Env that render the virus resistant to IFITM1 inhibition, suggesting that IFITMs may functionally act on HIV-1 Env and diminish viral infectivity. The goal of this R01 project is to determine the mechanisms by which IFITM proteins inhibit distinct steps of HIV replication, as well as viral antagonisms.
Aim 1 will address how IFITM proteins inhibit HIV-1 entry. We will use novel cell-cell fusion and single virus fusion techniques to test the hypothesis that both hemifusion and pore expansion are inhibited by IFITM2 and IFITM3.
Aim 2 will focus on how IFITM proteins, especially IFITM1, diminish HIV-1 infectivity. We will test the central hypothesis that IFITM proteins are incorporated into HIV-1 particles and functionally inactivate HIV-1 Env activity.
Aim 3 will characterize HIV-1 antagonisms against IFITMs, particularly the possible role of HIV-1 Env in this process. Collectively, results from this project will provide critical insights into the mechanisms of actio of IFITMs, and will aid in the development of novel antiviral agents against HIV-1 infection.

Public Health Relevance

Viruses must enter host cells to initiate infection, and hosts have evolved various strategies to limit viral infections. We study how some cellular factors intrinsically block the viral entry and infections, including those of pathogenic HIV-1. The proposed studies may lead to novel strategies against viral diseases.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI112381-05
Application #
9421470
Study Section
AIDS Molecular and Cellular Biology Study Section (AMCB)
Program Officer
Mcdonald, David Joseph
Project Start
2017-02-01
Project End
2020-01-31
Budget Start
2018-02-01
Budget End
2020-01-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Ohio State University
Department
Veterinary Sciences
Type
Schools of Veterinary Medicine
DUNS #
832127323
City
Columbus
State
OH
Country
United States
Zip Code
43210
Li, Anzhong; Yu, Jingyou; Lu, Mijia et al. (2018) A Zika virus vaccine expressing premembrane-envelope-NS1 polyprotein. Nat Commun 9:3067
Wang, Tongtong; Du, Qian; Wu, Xingchen et al. (2018) Porcine MKRN1 Modulates the Replication and Pathogenesis of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 by Inducing Capsid Protein Ubiquitination and Degradation. J Virol 92:
Du, Qian; Wu, Xingchen; Wang, Tongtong et al. (2018) Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Suppresses IL-12p40 Induction via Capsid/gC1qR-Mediated MicroRNAs and Signalings. J Immunol 201:533-547
Yu, Jingyou; Liu, Shan-Lu (2018) The Inhibition of HIV-1 Entry Imposed by Interferon Inducible Transmembrane Proteins Is Independent of Co-Receptor Usage. Viruses 10:
Yu, Jingyou; Liang, Chen; Liu, Shan-Lu (2017) Interferon-inducible LY6E Protein Promotes HIV-1 Infection. J Biol Chem 292:4674-4685
Wang, Yimeng; Pan, Qinghua; Ding, Shilei et al. (2017) The V3 Loop of HIV-1 Env Determines Viral Susceptibility to IFITM3 Impairment of Viral Infectivity. J Virol 91:
Cui, Beibei; Liu, Wenli; Wang, Xiaoya et al. (2017) Brucella Omp25 Upregulates miR-155, miR-21-5p, and miR-23b to Inhibit Interleukin-12 Production via Modulation of Programmed Death-1 Signaling in Human Monocyte/Macrophages. Front Immunol 8:708
Kodigepalli, Karthik M; Li, Minghua; Liu, Shan-Lu et al. (2017) Exogenous expression of SAMHD1 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-derived HuT78 cells. Cell Cycle 16:179-188
Miller, A Dusty; De Las Heras, Marcelo; Yu, Jingyou et al. (2017) Evidence against a role for jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus in human lung cancer. Retrovirology 14:3
Wilkins, Jordan; Zheng, Yi-Min; Yu, Jingyou et al. (2016) Nonhuman Primate IFITM Proteins Are Potent Inhibitors of HIV and SIV. PLoS One 11:e0156739

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