Osteoporosis is a significant health problem in the US. accounting for approximately 1.2 M fractures each year with annual costs of $6.1 B. Traditional therapies are expensive require medical supervision, and sometimes have undesirable side effects. Recent NIH conferences stressed th need to develop safe, effective, low-cost strategies which might be applicable to populations at large for maximizing peak bone mass, minimizin bone loss, and preventing osteoporotic fractures. Direct evidence for an exercise effect on bone mineral content is lacking. There is a need for prospective studies in humans to determine the effectiveness of exercise training to increase peak bone mass and minimize bone loss. Previous studie are limited by one or more methodological problems possibly rendering their conclusions invalid, e.g., 1) failure to randomize exercise and control groups, 2) poor control of extraneous variables, 3) small sample sizes, 4) failure to adjust for subject attrition, 5) imprecise measurement technique , 6) poorly designed exercise programs, 7) limited age groups of subjects and bone measurement sites. In the proposed study, we intend to quantify change in both axial and appendicular bone mass resulting from two years of progressive resistance exercise and to follow the maintenance of the change for two years after training has ceased. The subjects will be 520 white females selected from four age groups (120-160 per age group): 1) 12 to 15 years. 2) 17 to 19 years, 3) 30 to 40 years, and 4) 45 to 55 years. Subject assignment to experimental (N-60) and control N-60) groups will be randomiz d and measurements of bone mineral content will be made at several sites usin single and dual photon absorptiometric techniques. The sample size of 60-80 subjects per group has been estimated to be sufficient to detect the expect d changes. Further, we intend to correlate the skeletal changes with indices of bone formation and resorption (serum bone Gla protein, alkaline phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline), and other physiological factors, e.g. calciotropic hormones, sex steroids, and diet. Potential confounding effect of variable Ca intakes will be minimized by having all subjects take a 500 mg/day Ca supplement. The significance of the proposed study lies in attaining a better understanding of the effectiveness of exercise for increasing peak bone mineral mass and minimizing bone loss in different age groups, and the physiological factors indicating or mediating these effects This information is important to develop an effective exercise prescription for both the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AR039559-03
Application #
3159670
Study Section
Epidemiology and Disease Control Subcommittee 2 (EDC)
Project Start
1989-08-05
Project End
1993-02-28
Budget Start
1991-08-01
Budget End
1993-02-28
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
1991
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Arizona
Department
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
City
Tucson
State
AZ
Country
United States
Zip Code
85721
Bea, J W; Blew, R M; Going, S B et al. (2016) Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry spine scans to determine abdominal fat in postmenopausal women. Am J Hum Biol 28:918-926
Klimentidis, Y C; Bea, J W; Lohman, T et al. (2015) High genetic risk individuals benefit less from resistance exercise intervention. Int J Obes (Lond) 39:1371-5
Bea, Jennifer W; Lohman, Timothy G; Cussler, Ellen C et al. (2010) Lifestyle modifies the relationship between body composition and adrenergic receptor genetic polymorphisms, ADRB2, ADRB3 and ADRA2B: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of physical activity among postmenopausal women. Behav Genet 40:649-59
Bea, Jennifer W; Cussler, Ellen C; Going, Scott B et al. (2010) Resistance training predicts 6-yr body composition change in postmenopausal women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 42:1286-95
Farrell, Vanessa A; Harris, Margaret; Lohman, Timothy G et al. (2009) Comparison between dietary assessment methods for determining associations between nutrient intakes and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Am Diet Assoc 109:899-904
Milliken, L A; Cussler, E; Zeller, R A et al. (2009) Changes in soft tissue composition are the primary predictors of 4-year bone mineral density changes in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 20:347-54
Milliken, Laura A; Wilhelmy, Jennifer; Martin, Catherine J et al. (2006) Depressive symptoms and changes in body weight exert independent and site-specific effects on bone in postmenopausal women exercising for 1 year. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 61:488-94
Maurer, Jaclyn; Harris, Margaret M; Stanford, Vanessa A et al. (2005) Dietary iron positively influences bone mineral density in postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy. J Nutr 135:863-9
Milliken, L A; Going, S B; Houtkooper, L B et al. (2003) Effects of exercise training on bone remodeling, insulin-like growth factors, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy. Calcif Tissue Int 72:478-84
Teixeira, Pedro J; Going, Scott B; Houtkooper, Linda B et al. (2003) Resistance training in postmenopausal women with and without hormone therapy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:555-62

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