The human muscle system contains three muscle types: cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle for physical stability and movement, and smooth muscle in the vasculature, digestive, and reproductive systems. To understand disorders affecting particular muscle types it is necessary to understand mechanisms both of contraction of these muscles and of regulation of contraction. Pharmacologic intervention depends on the ability to selectively modify the contractility of each muscle type. To this end we have been studying the regulation of contraction of both smooth and striated (cardiac and skeletal) muscles. We have shown earlier that the Ca2+ regulation of striated muscle, through the proteins troponin and tropomyosin, does not occur by a weakening of the binding of myosin-ATP to actin-tropomyosin-troponin. Rather, in the absence of Ca2+, the rate of a process, presumably product release, is inhibited. In contrast, it has been shown that the binding of myosin to actin-tropomyosin-troponin, in the absence of ATP, is Ca2+ dependent. These data are consistent with a model of contraction where both myosin makes the transition from a weakly bound state (containing bound ATP or ADP + Pi) to a strongly bound state (containing bound ADP). This transition cannot occur at a significant rate unless actin also makes a transition from the inactive state to the active state. We now propose to use a multidisciplinary approach to test this hypothesis and to further characterize the duality of states of actin and myosin. We have shown that the smooth muscle protein, caldesmon, does inhibit the binding of myosin-ATP to actin. This protein is an excellent probe of myosin crossbridge binding and can be used to study the function of the weakly bound state of myosin. We will use binding studies and stopped-flow kinetic studies to investigate the properties of weakly bound myosin crossbridges. These biochemical studies will be accompanied by mechanical and X-ray diffraction measurements of single muscle fibers to determine the importance of weakly bound crossbridges in contraction and in regulation. We will also use the muscle fiber model to study possible regulatory roles of caldesmon and a newly discovered protein, calponin. Finally, we will make a detailed study possible regulatory roles of caldesmon and a newly discovered protein, calponin. Finally, we will make a detailed study of the binding of myosin to actin in the presence of ATPgammaS to test a recent challenge to our hypothesis that regulation of striated muscle occurs at the transition from the weak binding states to the strong crossbridge states.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AR040540-04
Application #
2080104
Study Section
Physiology Study Section (PHY)
Project Start
1991-04-01
Project End
1996-03-31
Budget Start
1994-04-01
Budget End
1996-03-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
1994
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
East Carolina University
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
Greenville
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27858
Wang, Hui; Chalovich, Joseph M; Marriott, Gerard (2012) Structural dynamics of troponin I during Ca2+-activation of cardiac thin filaments: a multi-site Forster resonance energy transfer study. PLoS One 7:e50420
Wang, Hui; Mao, Shu; Chalovich, Joseph M et al. (2008) Tropomyosin dynamics in cardiac thin filaments: a multisite forster resonance energy transfer and anisotropy study. Biophys J 94:4358-69
Gafurov, Boris; Chalovich, Joseph M (2007) Equilibrium distribution of skeletal actin-tropomyosin-troponin states, determined by pyrene-tropomyosin fluorescence. FEBS J 274:2287-99
Gafurov, Boris; Fredricksen, Scott; Cai, Anmei et al. (2004) The Delta 14 mutation of human cardiac troponin T enhances ATPase activity and alters the cooperative binding of S1-ADP to regulated actin. Biochemistry 43:15276-85
Gafurov, Boris; Chen, Yi-Der; Chalovich, Joseph M (2004) Ca2+ and ionic strength dependencies of S1-ADP binding to actin-tropomyosin-troponin: regulatory implications. Biophys J 87:1825-35
Resetar, Andrea M; Stephens, Jacqueline M; Chalovich, Joseph M (2002) Troponin-tropomyosin: an allosteric switch or a steric blocker? Biophys J 83:1039-49
Heubach, J F; Hartwell, R; Ledwon, M et al. (1997) Inhibition of cross-bridge binding to actin by caldesmon fragments in skinned skeletal muscle fibers. Biophys J 72:1287-94
Brenner, B; Chalovich, J M; Yu, L C (1995) Distinct molecular processes associated with isometric force generation and rapid tension recovery after quick release. Biophys J 68:106S-111S
Kraft, T; Chalovich, J M; Yu, L C et al. (1995) Parallel inhibition of active force and relaxed fiber stiffness by caldesmon fragments at physiological ionic strength and temperature conditions: additional evidence that weak cross-bridge binding to actin is an essential intermediate for force generatio Biophys J 68:2404-18
Resetar, A M; Chalovich, J M (1995) Adenosine 5'-(gamma-thiotriphosphate): an ATP analog that should be used with caution in muscle contraction studies. Biochemistry 34:16039-45

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