The discovery of T resident memory (TRM) cells in skin and other epithelial tissues has revolutionized our understanding of protective T cell memory. While we are delighted that our long standing R01 grant has contributed to the discovery TRM in humans, and the initial characterization skin TRM in mouse models of viral infection, these important cells remain poorly understood. We do know that TRM in skin provide much more rapid and potent protection against re-infection with pathogenic virus, and that TRM tend to not re-circulate from skin to blood. VACV skin infection results in the seeding of antigen specific TRM most effectively to infected skin, slightly less effectively to distant skin, and least effectively (but still significantly) to other epithelial organs that interface the environment (e.g., lung). Taken together, our murine and human data provoke us to make two related hypotheses: first, that these TRM are the most important T cells with regard to protective immune memory in general, and second, that their dysfunctional activation in man underlies most T cell mediated diseases of peripheral tissues, including skin (psoriasis), lung (asthma), gut (IBD), joint (RA), and CNS(MS). If these hypotheses are correct, then a better understanding of the fundamental biology of these TRM is central to our understanding of how to diagnose and more effectively treat a broad spectrum of human diseases, as well as to configure means to enhance protective immunity against pathogens. Using T cell receptor deep sequencing, we have made the unexpected observation that every TRM in tissue has a clonal counterpart in the lymph node TCM compartment, strongly arguing that TRM and TCM arise from a common naive T cell precursor. Thus, it is not antigen specificity per se, but rather their anatomic location, that makes TRM superior to TCM in terms of rapid protective immunity. The interplay between TRM and TCM, and the recruitment of existing TCM to become new TRM upon subsequent antigen challenge is also a focus of this grant. To broader our vantage point, we will use three distinct models of skin immune responses: contact hypersensitivity (CHS), vaccinia virus (VACV) infection, and C.albicans infection, coupled with genetically engineered mice, novel imaging approaches, and deep sequencing of the TCR, to try to better understand how TRM are generated and maintained, and what role they play in the maintenance of immune memory in viral, extracellular pathogen, and environmental antigen driven diseases. This grant is highly significant to human disease, uses innovative approaches and is based on novel technology, proposes ambitious but feasible approaches to be performed by experienced investigators in a supportive environment, and fervently hope it can be funded.

Public Health Relevance

The discovery of a very important population of protective memory T cells that reside the skin and other tissues that interface our environment is quite recent. Work proposed in this grant application will greatly increase our understanding of the biology of these important cells in health and disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
9R01AR065807-16A1
Application #
8628602
Study Section
Arthritis, Connective Tissue and Skin Study Section (ACTS)
Program Officer
Cibotti, Ricardo
Project Start
1997-09-08
Project End
2018-08-31
Budget Start
2013-09-01
Budget End
2014-08-31
Support Year
16
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$495,538
Indirect Cost
$181,567
Name
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Department
Type
DUNS #
030811269
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02115
Park, Chang Ook; Fu, Xiujun; Jiang, Xiaodong et al. (2018) Staged development of long-lived T-cell receptor ?? TH17 resident memory T-cell population to Candida albicans after skin infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 142:647-662
Pan, Youdong; Kupper, Thomas S (2018) Metabolic Reprogramming and Longevity of Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells. Front Immunol 9:1347
Jiang, Xiaodong; Park, Chang Ook; Geddes Sweeney, Jenna et al. (2017) Dermal ?? T Cells Do Not Freely Re-Circulate Out of Skin and Produce IL-17 to Promote Neutrophil Infiltration during Primary Contact Hypersensitivity. PLoS One 12:e0169397
Pan, Youdong; Tian, Tian; Park, Chang Ook et al. (2017) Survival of tissue-resident memory T cells requires exogenous lipid uptake and metabolism. Nature 543:252-256
Collins, Nicholas; Jiang, Xiaodong; Zaid, Ali et al. (2016) Skin CD4(+) memory T cells exhibit combined cluster-mediated retention and equilibration with the circulation. Nat Commun 7:11514
Gaide, Olivier; Emerson, Ryan O; Jiang, Xiaodong et al. (2015) Common clonal origin of central and resident memory T cells following skin immunization. Nat Med 21:647-53
Jain, Salvia; Stroopinsky, Dina; Yin, Li et al. (2015) Mucin 1 is a potential therapeutic target in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood 126:354-62
Park, Chang Ook; Kupper, Thomas S (2015) The emerging role of resident memory T cells in protective immunity and inflammatory disease. Nat Med 21:688-97
Watanabe, Rei; Gehad, Ahmed; Yang, Chao et al. (2015) Human skin is protected by four functionally and phenotypically discrete populations of resident and recirculating memory T cells. Sci Transl Med 7:279ra39
Guenova, Emmanuella; Skabytska, Yuliya; Hoetzenecker, Wolfram et al. (2015) IL-4 abrogates T(H)17 cell-mediated inflammation by selective silencing of IL-23 in antigen-presenting cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:2163-8

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