Gamma-herpesviruses, including Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and murine herpesvirus 68 (MHV68) can establish lifelong persistent infection in host with latent infection and are associated with the development of lymphomas and other cancers. Both latency and lytic replication play important roles in viral transmission and tumor development. Thus, it is crucial t understand the fundamental mechanisms regulating the balance between latency and lytic replication. Recently, it has been shown that oxidative stress due to excessive levels of reactive oxygen species induces KSHV reactivation. Therefore the hypothesis is that KSHV senses and utilizes the oxidative stress response network, to regulate virus life cycle. Since reactive oxygen species have a wide range of roles in both physiological and pathological settings, the long-term objective is to better understand the roles host regulators of the cellular redox balance in the control of KSHV life cycle, and to develop new therapeutic approaches, with the following specific aims:
Aim I. To identify cellular factors and network regulating KSHV reactivation induced by oxidative stress using a combination of traditional cell biology approaches and new mathematic approaches. The activation of cellular signaling molecules will be quantitatively measured using Phospho-Flow technique.
Aim II. To determine the role of oxidative stress related pathways in regulating virus life cycle in vivo using MHV-68 as a model system and whether reduction of oxidative stress can inhibit tumor growth in vivo using a transplant model. Whether the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) can be used as a chemoprevention strategy or a combination of anti-oxidant and rapamycin might be a more effective treatment will be assessed. Also whether NAC can enhance or reduce the therapeutic efficacy of the commonly used chemotherapy drug doxorubicin will be evaluated. Achieving the above aims will define the molecular mechanism by which the KSHV senses cell stress signals to decide the switch between latency and lytic replication. It not only addresses a fundamental biological question, but also can facilitate the development of new preventive and/or therapeutic approaches.

Public Health Relevance

This project studies the effects of oxidative stress signaling on the reactivation process of KSHV utilizing cell biology and mathematic approaches. The study will define the molecular mechanism by which the KSHV senses cell stress signals to decide the switch between latency and lytic replication. It not only addresses a fundamental biological question, but also can facilitate the development of new preventive and/or therapeutic approaches.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01CA091791-11A1
Application #
8482022
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-AARR-K (03))
Program Officer
Read-Connole, Elizabeth Lee
Project Start
2001-04-01
Project End
2018-01-31
Budget Start
2013-02-01
Budget End
2014-01-31
Support Year
11
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$284,547
Indirect Cost
$99,776
Name
University of California Los Angeles
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
092530369
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
90095
Dai, Xinghong; Gong, Danyang; Lim, Hanyoung et al. (2018) Structure and mutagenesis reveal essential capsid protein interactions for KSHV replication. Nature 553:521-525
Gong, Danyang; Dai, Xinghong; Xiao, Yuchen et al. (2017) Virus-Like Vesicles of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Activate Lytic Replication by Triggering Differentiation Signaling. J Virol 91:
York, Autumn G; Williams, Kevin J; Argus, Joseph P et al. (2015) Limiting Cholesterol Biosynthetic Flux Spontaneously Engages Type I IFN Signaling. Cell 163:1716-29
Feng, Jiaying; Gong, Danyang; Fu, Xudong et al. (2015) M1 of Murine Gamma-Herpesvirus 68 Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone Production. Sci Rep 5:17228
Dai, Xinghong; Gong, Danyang; Xiao, Yuchen et al. (2015) CryoEM and mutagenesis reveal that the smallest capsid protein cements and stabilizes Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus capsid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:E649-56
Sun, Chenglong; Schattgen, Stefan A; Pisitkun, Prapaporn et al. (2015) Evasion of innate cytosolic DNA sensing by a gammaherpesvirus facilitates establishment of latent infection. J Immunol 194:1819-31
Wong-Ho, Elaine; Wu, Ting-Ting; Davis, Zoe H et al. (2014) Unconventional sequence requirement for viral late gene core promoters of murine gammaherpesvirus 68. J Virol 88:3411-22
Gong, Danyang; Wu, Nicholas C; Xie, Yafang et al. (2014) Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ORF18 and ORF30 are essential for late gene expression during lytic replication. J Virol 88:11369-82
Feng, Jun; De Jesus, Paul D; Su, Victoria et al. (2014) RIOK3 is an adaptor protein required for IRF3-mediated antiviral type I interferon production. J Virol 88:7987-97
Ning, Shaoyang; Xu, Hongquan; Al-Shyoukh, Ibrahim et al. (2014) An application of a Hill-based response surface model for a drug combination experiment on lung cancer. Stat Med 33:4227-36

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