This translational research project is based on the premise that diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a garlic-derived organosulfur compound, may be used to inhibit onset and/or progression of prostate cancer, which is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths among men in the United States. The rationale for a systematic preclinical evaluation of DATS against prostate cancer derives from epidemiological data and the results of our recently completed preliminary studies, which led us to hypothesize that DATS will inhibit onset and/or progression of prostate carcinogenesis due to its ability to (a) cause G2/M phase cell cycle arrest involving Ser-216 phosphorylation of Cdc25C, and (b) cause caspase-mediated apoptosis through activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs). We propose to test this hypothesis by: (1) determining the functional significance and mechanism of Cdc25C phosphorylation in DATS-induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest using PC-3 and DU145 human prostate cancer cells as a cellular model, (2) determining the mechanism of DATS-induced activation of JNKs using PC-3 and DU145 cells, (3) determining the relative contribution of intrinsic (mitochondria mediated activation of caspase-9) and extrinsic (death-receptor mediated activation of caspase-8) caspase pathways in apoptosis induction by DATS using PC-3 and DU145 cells, (4) determining the effect of oral administration of DATS on growth of PC-3 and DU145 xenografts in vivo in nude mice, and (5) determining in vivo efficacy of DATS for prevention of prostate tumorigenesis in TRAMP mice.
In Specific Aims 4 and 5, the tumor tissues from control and DATS treated mice will be analyzed for apoptosis index and levels of cell cycle and apoptosis regulating proteins to determine the extent to which DATS-induced molecular changes observed in cells (Aims 1-3) correlate with its effect in vivo. In summary, the studies proposed in this application will (a) define the mechanism(s) by which DATS inhibits proliferation of human prostate cancer cells, which could lead to identification of mechanism-based biomarkers potentially useful in future clinical trials, and (b) determine efficacy of DATS against prostate cancer using appropriate animal models, which is a prerequisite for initiation of clinical trials to determine activity of DATS against prostate cancer in humans. In the long run, the results of the proposed studies could lead to DATS-based strategies for prevention and/or treatment of human prostate cancers.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA113363-05
Application #
7579967
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-ONC-B (03))
Program Officer
Riscuta, Gabriela
Project Start
2005-04-01
Project End
2010-07-31
Budget Start
2009-03-01
Budget End
2010-07-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$276,692
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pittsburgh
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004514360
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
15213
Hahm, Eun-Ryeong; Singh, Shivendra V (2014) Diallyl trisulfide inhibits estrogen receptor-? activity in human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 144:47-57
Hahm, Eun-Ryeong; Karlsson, A Isabella; Bonner, Michael Y et al. (2014) Honokiol inhibits androgen receptor activity in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 74:408-20
Hahm, Eun-Ryeong; Sakao, Kozue; Singh, Shivendra V (2014) Honokiol activates reactive oxygen species-mediated cytoprotective autophagy in human prostate cancer cells. Prostate 74:1209-21
Chandra-Kuntal, Kumar; Lee, Joomin; Singh, Shivendra V (2013) Critical role for reactive oxygen species in apoptosis induction and cell migration inhibition by diallyl trisulfide, a cancer chemopreventive component of garlic. Breast Cancer Res Treat 138:69-79
Powolny, Anna A; Singh, Shivendra V; Melov, Simon et al. (2011) The garlic constituent diallyl trisulfide increases the lifespan of C. elegans via skn-1 activation. Exp Gerontol 46:441-52
Antony, Marie Lue; Singh, Shivendra V (2011) Molecular mechanisms and targets of cancer chemoprevention by garlic-derived bioactive compound diallyl trisulfide. Indian J Exp Biol 49:805-16
Kim, Su-Hyeong; Bommareddy, Ajay; Singh, Shivendra V (2011) Garlic constituent diallyl trisulfide suppresses x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in prostate cancer cells in culture and in vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 4:897-906
Chandra-Kuntal, Kumar; Singh, Shivendra V (2010) Diallyl trisulfide inhibits activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in prostate cancer cells in culture and in vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 3:1473-83
Herman-Antosiewicz, Anna; Kim, Young-Ae; Kim, Su-Hyeong et al. (2010) Diallyl trisulfide-induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in DU145 cells is associated with delayed nuclear translocation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1. Pharm Res 27:1072-9
Xiao, Dong; Zeng, Yan; Hahm, Eun-Ryeong et al. (2009) Diallyl trisulfide selectively causes Bax- and Bak-mediated apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. Environ Mol Mutagen 50:201-12

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