Exposure of mammalian cells to ionizing radiation is known to induce chromosome instability (CIN), which can promote the rapid accumulation of genetic changes leading to cancer. We have demonstrated that DSBs occurring near the ends of chromosomes, called telomeres, can promote CIN by causing sister chromatid fusions that initiate breakage/fusion/bridge (B/F/B) cycles. B/F/B cycles occur when fused sister chromatids break during anaphase as their centromeres are pulled in opposite directions. Because breakage does not occur at the site effusion, one daughter cell acquires a chromosome with an inverted repeat at its end, while the other has a chromosome with a terminal deletion. This cycle is then repeated in subsequent cell cycles, resulting in further gene amplification and large terminal deletions. B/F/B cycles continue until the chromosome acquires a new telomere, which we have shown can occur by multiple mechanisms. One of the most common mechanisms is nonreciprocal translocation, which results in the transfer of instability to the chromosome donating the translocation due to the loss of its telomere. As a result, a single DSB near a telomere can result in the instability in multiple chromosomes. This proposal has two specific aims. In the first specific aim, we will address the hypothesis that sister chromatid fusions resulting from DBSs near telomeres result from a deficiency in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) near telomeres, as has been demonstrated in yeast. For these studies, we will create an assay system using isogenic cell lines to compare the efficiency of NHEJ at DSBs occurring at various distances from a telomere. We will also use this assay system to address differences in the repair proteins involved in NHEJ and sister chromatid fusion, which has been proposed to involve microhomology-mediated homologous recombinational repair. In the second specific aim, we will address the hypothesis that the p53 and Rb proteins involved in replicative senescence are important in preventing CIN due to DSB-induced telomere loss. In addition, we will establish a genetic screen using green fluorescent protein to monitor the duration of B/F/B cycles to identify additional proteins that can prevent B/F/B cycles. These studies are important in that they will provide new insights into mechanisms of chromosome instability in cancer and lead to new approaches for the development of therapies for preventing CIN in cancer cells. ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA120205-02
Application #
7257814
Study Section
Radiation Therapeutics and Biology Study Section (RTB)
Program Officer
Mietz, Judy
Project Start
2006-07-06
Project End
2011-05-31
Budget Start
2007-06-01
Budget End
2008-05-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2007
Total Cost
$238,816
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California San Francisco
Department
Radiation-Diagnostic/Oncology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
094878337
City
San Francisco
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94143
Alcaraz Silva, Bárbara; Jones, Trevor J; Murnane, John P (2017) Differences in the recruitment of DNA repair proteins at subtelomeric and interstitial I-SceI endonuclease-induced DNA double-strand breaks. DNA Repair (Amst) 49:1-8
Muraki, Keiko; Han, Limei; Miller, Douglas et al. (2015) Processing by MRE11 is involved in the sensitivity of subtelomeric regions to DNA double-strand breaks. Nucleic Acids Res 43:7911-30
Bakhoum, Samuel F; Kabeche, Lilian; Wood, Matthew D et al. (2015) Numerical chromosomal instability mediates susceptibility to radiation treatment. Nat Commun 6:5990
Bakhoum, Samuel F; Kabeche, Lilian; Murnane, John P et al. (2014) DNA-damage response during mitosis induces whole-chromosome missegregation. Cancer Discov 4:1281-9
Muraki, Keiko; Han, Limei; Miller, Douglas et al. (2013) The role of ATM in the deficiency in nonhomologous end-joining near telomeres in a human cancer cell line. PLoS Genet 9:e1003386
Muraki, Keiko; Nyhan, Kristine; Han, Limei et al. (2012) Mechanisms of telomere loss and their consequences for chromosome instability. Front Oncol 2:135
Murnane, John P (2012) Telomere dysfunction and chromosome instability. Mutat Res 730:28-36
Miller, Douglas; Reynolds, Gloria E; Mejia, Ricardo et al. (2011) Subtelomeric regions in mammalian cells are deficient in DNA double-strand break repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 10:536-44
Murnane, John P (2010) Telomere loss as a mechanism for chromosome instability in human cancer. Cancer Res 70:4255-9
Kulkarni, Avanti; Zschenker, Oliver; Reynolds, Gloria et al. (2010) Effect of telomere proximity on telomere position effect, chromosome healing, and sensitivity to DNA double-strand breaks in a human tumor cell line. Mol Cell Biol 30:578-89

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