Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death in the US: chemoprevention of CRC represents an important therapeutic target and an unmet need. Anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs, COX-2s) have shown promise in preclinical research and clinical trials, but carry the burden of severe gastrointestinal (GI) or cardiovascular side effects. NO-donor NSAIDs, which are aliphatic nitrates, were designed to utilize the biological activity of nitric oxide (NO) to counteract the GI side effects of NSAIDs, which been borne out in the clinic. On the basis of data on NO-ASA and our preliminary data on GT 094, NO chimera (aliphatic nitrates containing one or more additional pharmacophores) we propose that NO chimeras are drug candidates for CRC chemoprevention and GT-094 represents a lead compound. It is the goal of this proposal to develop structure activity relationships (SAR) for NO chimera drugs, in particular containing NSAID containing pharmacophores, studying (i) anti- inflammatory (ii) anti-proliferative (iii) phase 2 (cytoprotective) enzyme inductiion and (iv) apoptotic activity activity, to correlate structurewith activity. The objective is to design and optimize a drug candidate or combination therapy for CRC chemoprevention. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are seen as an early precursor stage to colon adenomas and cancer in man;and in animal models a good correlation between ACF number and tumorigenesis has been reported. It is an objective of this proposal to measure ACF lesions and biomarkers of inflammation and proliferation that correlate with CRC tumorigenesis in animal models, and to correlate with such markers in cell culture. Success will result from our unique combination of expertise in NO-based medicinal chemistry and ACF pathophysiology.
Specific aims : 1. To use the rat AOM model of CRC to assess in vivo the potency, efficacy and mechanism of the lead NO chimera, GT 094, and subsequently, to assess optimized NO chimera drug candidates and combination therapies. 2. To design and synthesize NO chimeras, component structural elements, and control compounds to optimize structure towards CRC chemoprevention. 3. To study these compounds in colon cell culture, to derive SAR correlations and to establish correlations with in vivo activity, to aid in design and optimazation of drug candidates. Completion of these aims will yield new drug candidates for CRC chemoprevention and improved understanding of chemopreventive pathways in CRC.

Public Health Relevance

To develop structure activity relationships for NO chimera drugs, in particular NSAID containing disulfides, to understand the contributions to anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity, and thus to design optimized drug candidates for CRC chemoprevention. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are seen as an early precursor stage to colon adenomas and cancer in man;and in animal models a good correlation between ACF number and tumorigenesis has been reported.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA121107-02
Application #
7616561
Study Section
Chemo/Dietary Prevention Study Section (CDP)
Program Officer
Malone, Winfred F
Project Start
2008-05-01
Project End
2013-02-28
Budget Start
2009-03-01
Budget End
2010-02-28
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$317,976
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Illinois at Chicago
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Pharmacy
DUNS #
098987217
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60612
Kastrati, Irida; Siklos, Marton I; Brovkovych, Svitlana D et al. (2017) A Novel Strategy to Co-target Estrogen Receptor and Nuclear Factor ?B Pathways with Hybrid Drugs for Breast Cancer Therapy. Horm Cancer 8:135-142
Kastrati, Irida; Delgado-Rivera, Loruhama; Georgieva, Gergana et al. (2017) Synthesis and Characterization of an Aspirin-fumarate Prodrug that Inhibits NF?B Activity and Breast Cancer Stem Cells. J Vis Exp :
Kastrati, Irida; Siklos, Marton I; Calderon-Gierszal, Esther L et al. (2016) Dimethyl Fumarate Inhibits the Nuclear Factor ?B Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells by Covalent Modification of p65 Protein. J Biol Chem 291:3639-47
Kastrati, Irida; Litosh, Vladislav A; Zhao, Shuangping et al. (2015) A novel aspirin prodrug inhibits NF?B activity and breast cancer stem cell properties. BMC Cancer 15:845
Pathi, Satya S; Jutooru, Indira; Chadalapaka, Gayathri et al. (2011) GT-094, a NO-NSAID, inhibits colon cancer cell growth by activation of a reactive oxygen species-microRNA-27a: ZBTB10-specificity protein pathway. Mol Cancer Res 9:195-202
Sinha, Vaishali; Wijewickrama, Gihani T; Chandrasena, R Esala P et al. (2010) Proteomic and mass spectroscopic quantitation of protein S-nitrosation differentiates NO-donors. ACS Chem Biol 5:667-80
Yu, Bolan; Qin, Zhihui; Wijewickrama, Gihani T et al. (2009) Comparative methods for analysis of protein covalent modification by electrophilic quinoids formed from xenobiotics. Bioconjug Chem 20:728-41
Hagos, Ghenet K; Abdul-Hay, Samer O; Sohn, Johann et al. (2008) Anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and cytoprotective activity of NO chimera nitrates of use in cancer chemoprevention. Mol Pharmacol 74:1381-91