As the first independent application led by an NCI K career development award recipient, this proposal will address central hypotheses in inflammation, a NIH Major Roadmap Initiative for 2008. Considerable experimental, epidemiological, and clinical data strongly support a causative link between inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC). A compelling proof of this principle is six randomized trials that demonstrate that anti- inflammatory drugs such as aspirin and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors reduce the risk of colorectal adenoma among patients with a prior history of colorectal neoplasia. The pro-inflammatory COX-2 enzyme appears to be a central mediator of this relationship. Recently, in two large prospective cohorts, the Nurses'Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), we observed that aspirin reduces risk of COX-2 positive CRC but not risk of COX-2 negative CRC. This work has raised """"""""...important questions about the biological basis and clinical implications of discovering differences between colon cancers that express high or low levels of COX-2."""""""" This statement, especially considered within the context of uncertainty regarding the optimal use of aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in light of their associated toxicities, highlights the critical need to further elucidate 1) lifestyle, dietary, and biochemical markers of susceptibility to COX-2 positive CRCs;2) underlying inflammatory and related prostaglandin pathways in aspirin-mediated inhibition of colorectal carcinogenesis. We will address these aims through studies which utilize the extensive questionnaire data, archived plasma and urine specimens, and tumor blocks already established for the NHS and HPFS cohorts and where needed, expand and collect more data to support our aims. Beyond our specific hypotheses, the resources generated in this proposal will allow for the rapid examination of future hypotheses as they emerge. As such, this application is a cost-efficient investment in improving our understanding of the key role of inflammation in colorectal neoplasia. Ultimately, the findings of this proposal may lead to improved risk stratification for tailoring preventative strategies utilizing lifestyle modification or chemopreventative agents that maximize efficacy but minimize toxicity.

Public Health Relevance

Although aspirin can prevent colorectal cancer, a leading cause of death in the U.S., its optimal use in light of its toxicities remains uncertain. We will investigate the role of inflammation in colorectal carcinogenesis to define predictors of susceptibility for tailored preventative strategies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01CA137178-01A1
Application #
7736427
Study Section
Gastrointestinal Cell and Molecular Biology Study Section (GCMB)
Program Officer
Mahabir, Somdat
Project Start
2009-09-29
Project End
2014-07-31
Budget Start
2009-09-29
Budget End
2010-07-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$598,015
Indirect Cost
Name
Massachusetts General Hospital
Department
Type
DUNS #
073130411
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02199
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